黑刺李或黑刺李(prunus spinosa)的遗传资源在产量和品质上具有育种价值的经济标志

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Agriculture and Forestry Pub Date : 2022-04-29 DOI:10.37128/2707-5826-2022-1-6
V. Moskalets, T. Moskalets, Ludmila Shevchuk, V. Frantsishko, Y. Barat, V. Krasovsky
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引用次数: 0

摘要

通过对文献数据的分析,可以看出在选择石质作物及其果实作为食品和制药工业的原料时,刺叶樱作为一种有价值的来源材料的重要性。领先的科学家已经获得了大量有价值的地形形式和品种,特别是在乌克兰创造了品种Donets 'kyy krupnyy,在独联体如desertny, Velykoplidnyy, Sverkhobilnyy, Sladkiy等。理论基础分析表明,选择具有不同倍性的野生李种和形态是重要的,特别是选用六倍体的李,避免了在F1中出现五倍体杂交的阶段。值得注意的是,被称为黑刺木或黑刺木的果汁对预防肠道寄生虫、痢疾、非特异性结肠炎、食物中毒有效,而且还具有抗病毒和抗菌特性,这与流行病有关。重点介绍了国家科学院园艺研究所工作人员在波利西亚和乌克兰森林草原生态系统中进行的远征研究结果的原始数据。结果表明,通过分析筛选和与业余栽培工作者的卓有成效的合作,筛选和研究了有价值的刺李源材料。将spinosa L.的选育无性系引入中国科学院园艺研究所医院,于2017-2021年对其形态特征和生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明,在波利西亚和北方森林草原条件下选择的品种具有高(2.5 m以上)、耐负低温、果量大、重大的特点(Nosivs’ky 1-17、Nosivsk’y 2-17、Horokhivs’ky 1-20)。在乌克兰西部和东部森林草原条件下选择的品种,其特点是身材矮小(高度可达1.6米),没有刺,春夏抗水分缺乏,产量高,水果的味道和香气都很好(Brodivs 'ky 17-19, Mukshans 'ky 2-14, Poltava late, Halyts 'ky 07-21, Poltavs 'ky 2-17)。2021年新形态樱果丰富,可收获果实并对其形态特征和生化参数进行评价。所获得的数据允许挑选出在水果质量和食品生产适用性方面最有价值的水果。
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GENETIC RESOURCE OF THE BLACKTHORN OR SLOE (PRUNUS SPINOSA L.) WITH VALUABLE ECONOMIC SIGNS FOR BREEDING ON YIELD AND QUALITY
The analysis of literature data allowed to highlight the importance of the plant Prunus spinosa L. as a valuable source material in the selection of stone crops and its fruits as raw materials for the food and pharmaceutical industries. Leading scientists have obtained a significant number of valuable forms and varieties of terrain, in particular in Ukraine created a variety Donets’kyy krupnyy, in the CIS such varieties as Desertnyy, Velykoplidnyy, Sverkhobilnyy, Sladkiy and others. The analysis of theoretical bases revealed that it is important in the selection of Prunus spinosa L. to involve wild species and forms with different ploidy, in particular the use of hexaploid Prunus spinosa L. avoids the stage of pentaploid hybrids in F1. It is noted that fruit juice called blackthorn or sloe is effective for the prevention of intestinal parasites, dysentery, nonspecific colitis, food poisoning, and also has antiviral and antibacterial properties, which is relevant during pandemics. Original data on the results of expeditionary research of the staff of the Institute of Horticulture of NAAS, conducted in the ecosystems of Polissya and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine are highlighted. It is shown that as a result of analytical selection and fruitful cooperation with amateur gardeners, valuable source material of Prunus spinosa L. was selected and studied. Selected clones of Prunus spinosa L. were introduced to the hospital of the Institute of Horticulture of NAAS, where during 2017-2021 it was studied by morphological features and biological properties. It was found that the forms selected in the conditions of Polissya and Northern Forest-Steppe are characterized by tallness (over 2.5 m), resistance to low negative temperatures, large-fruitedness and increased fruit weight (Nosivs’ky 1-17, Nosivsk’y 2-17, Horokhivs’ky 1-20). Forms selected in the conditions of both Western and Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine are characterized by short stature (height up to 1.6 m), absence of thorns, resistance to moisture deficiency in spring and summer, yield and excellent taste and aroma of fruits (Brodivs’ky 17-19, Mukshans’ky 2-14, Poltava late, Halyts’ky 07-21, Poltavs’ky 2-17). Abundant fruiting of new forms of Prunus spinosa L. in 2021 allowed to harvest fruit from them and evaluate the morphological characteristics and biochemical parameters. The obtained data allowed to single out the most valuable in terms of fruit quality and suitability for food production.
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Agriculture and Forestry
Agriculture and Forestry Environmental Science-Nature and Landscape Conservation
CiteScore
1.60
自引率
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发文量
58
审稿时长
15 weeks
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