Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Ophthalmoscopy—FLIO

Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) is a new imaging modality that measures and maps fluorescence lifetime at the ocular fundus using ultrashort pulse laser. FLIO has the potential to detect not only morphological changes but also subtle changes such as cellular metabolic change or accumulation of metabolism-related products. Therefore, FLIO might serve as a useful tool to detect early signs of diseases, monitor disease progression and evaluate therapeutic effect. This review introduces the principle of FLIO, basic and clinical knowledges to date, and describes the possible role of FLIO adjacent to the treatment of macular diseases.