Détresses respiratoires du nouveau-né (en dehors des malformations et des maladies génétiques ou constitutionnelles)

Respiratory disorders are one of the main cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Their aetiology is predominantly linked to an inappropriate cardio-respiratory adaptation at birth and to infections. Recent improvements in the management of these disorders diminished dramatically the mortality. These improvements are due to a better perinatal care organization, and to substantial advances in obstetrics and paediatrics, among which a wide use of antenatal steroids, exogenous surfactants and improvements in mechanical ventilation. Nevertheless, bronchopulmonary dysplasia remains a major problem in the outcome of the most preterm infants. A better knowledge of its physiopathology may open new therapeutic advances.