在外贝加尔湖建立优先发展区:问题与前景

L. Kovalchuk, S. Kravtsova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

扎拜卡尔耶领土的先进社会文化发展问题是在其进入远东联邦区实体构成的背景下审议的。需要寻找促进该区域发展的机制,其先决条件是扎拜卡尔耶在远东地区实体的社会经济发展指标方面相当落后。设立优先发展领域被认为是这种机制之一。根据Zabaikalye在建立领土和地区的有利条件和优惠方面的历史经验来评估其建立的可能性。文章对这一经验进行了评价,分析了决定所提供机制使用效果的因素。它表明,建立具有有利商业条件的领土并没有对扎贝卡尔耶领土在所有阶段的经济增长率和社会发展结果产生重大影响。在竞争优势的能力下,该地区创建了经济特区,自由经济区和优先发展区,领土利用矿产资源禀赋,与中华人民共和国接壤的地理位置。为了评估在扎拜卡尔耶建立优先发展区的前景,本文介绍了著名的克鲁格曼和祖巴雷维奇的理论方法,表明自然特征的竞争优势并不能提供可持续的社会经济增长。它证明,在发展人的潜力和社会服务部门的基础上,加速发展领土和消除社会经济差异是可能的。作者表示关切的是,在扎拜卡尔耶领土退化的现有条件下,优先发展地区的确定是有问题的。在“扎拜卡尔耶”建立人民发展方案项目中所要求的利益和优惠的预期利用要求优先发展社会部门,提供社会均衡。激活社会进程和形成满足社会经济形势复杂性的区域发展方案的需要取决于微区域实体之间吸引投资资源的日益完成程度。在这种情况下,扎拜卡尔耶领土永久占据远东地区社会经济发展边缘地位的可能性相当高。
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Establishment of Priority Development Areas in Transbaikalia: Problems and Prospects
The problem of advanced socio-cultural development of Zabaikalye Territory is considered in the context of its entering into entity composition of the Far Eastern Federal District. The need of searching the mechanisms to advance the region’s development is preconditioned by considerable lagging of Zabaikalye in the socio-economic development indicators from the FEFD entities. Establishment of the priority development areas is considered as one of such mechanisms. The possibility of their establishment is assessed in terms of the historical experience that Zabaikalye has in establishing territories and zones beneficial terms and preferences. The article makes assessment of this experience, analyses the factors that determines the results of using the mechanisms provided. It demonstrates that establishment of the territories with beneficial business terms did not exert a considerable impact on the rates of economic growth and results of social development in Zabaikalye Territory during all stages. In the capacity of competitive advantages the region had to create special economic zones, free economic zones and priority development areas, the Territory used the mineral resources endowment, the geographical position at the border with PRC. In order to assess the prospects of establishing the priority development areas in Zabaikalye, the article presents the well-known theoretical approaches of P. Krugaman and N.V. Zubarevich, shows that the competitive advantages of natural character do not provide a sustainable socio-economic growth. It substantiates that acceleration of developing the territories and levelling out the socio-economic differences can be made possible on the basis of developing the human potential and the sector of social services. The authors voice concerns that in the existing terms of Zabaikalye Territory’s degradation Establishment of the priority development areas is problematic. Prospective use of the benefits and preferences claimed for in the Project of Establishment of PDA «Zabaikalye» require priority development of the social sector, provision of the social levelling-out. The need to activate the social processes and to form the regional development program that meets the complexity of the socio-economic situation is determined by the growing completion level between the microregion’s entities for attracting investment resources. In this situation, the Zabaikalye Territory’s odds to permanently take a hold on the periphery of the FEFD socio-economic development are rather high.
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