Efficiency Versus Efectiveness in Earthworks Based on Time Study Analysis

Construction generally takes place in very variable and dynamic conditions due to the presence of machinery, transport of materials, movement of workers, and the progress of construction. In order to solve the problem of site variable and dynamic conditions, two major research topics may stand out, more precisely, off-site performance planning and on-site performance tracking and monitoring. Earthworks commonly involve extensive utilization of various construction machines, mainly excavators and tipper (or dump) trucks. Tracking and monitoring of earthworks, based on collected quality data from the construction site, are necessary to detect discrepancies between the planned and actual work efficiency of construction machinery. The main topic of this paper is the time study analysis of one of the standard technological processes in earthworks – loading and transporting materials by tipper trucks. On-site data were obtained using the stopwatch method with the purpose of determining the actual work efficiency of the tipper truck. This paper aims to propose a research framework for clear insight into the progress effectiveness of earthworks and the actual work efficiency of the tipper truck. The purpose of applying the research framework is to form a base for tracking and monitoring the work of tipper trucks so the right decisions can be made in a timely manner. Such can enhance earthworks progress by using the appropriate number of tipper trucks and their better utilization.