Image tampering detection using methods based on JPEG compression artifacts: a real-life experiment

In this paper we analyze the synergy between forensic image head data consistency analysis and detection of doubles JPEG compression artifacts. We show that image head consistency testing is an effective method for detecting digital images that have been modified. On the other hand, when it is not combined with other forensic methods such as double JPEG detection, a high number of altered photos remained undetected. The same can also be claimed about double JPEG detection. When employed separately without conjunction with other methods, the majority of altered photos remained undetected. In this paper, a quantitative study on this topic is carried out. We show that combining various image forensic methods is a must.