人类疾病的进化

Harem O. Smail
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摘要

这篇综述的主要目的是了解进化过程在人类疾病中的作用。人类从疾病中遭受的痛苦可能是数百万年前,直到现在还在继续,人类疾病可以根据其来源分为许多类型,如细菌,遗传和病毒。在过去的60年里,科学家进行了大量的实验,以了解和决定人类疾病的进化过程的影响。进化对人类健康影响的主要例子是过度使用抗生素来对抗细菌感染,其结果是细菌迅速进化,对多种抗生素产生抗药性,甚至对万古霉素也有抗药性。达尔文提出的自然选择过程在生物和医学过程中起着至关重要的作用,也有助于预测和发现进化的自然选择过程与表型性状之间的关系。由于进化解剖学数据库的不足,以及缺乏一种计算方法来了解潜在的候选基因和调节因子,从而阻碍了对独特进化变化的发育和遗传基础的理解,而现代科学的其他分支,如遗传学、生物信息学、流行病学、生态学、微生物学、分子生物学和生物化学,有助于了解进化过程的发展。
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Evolution of human diseases
The main aims of this review were to understand the roles of evolutionary process in human disease. The suffering of human from disease may be millions years ago and until now are continuing and the human disease can be classified into many types based on their sources such as bacterial, Genetics and viral. For the past sixty years the scientist carried out high number of experiment to understand   and the decision of the evolutionary process impact of the human disease. the main example of effect of evolution on the human health are using overuse of antibiotics against bacterial infection   and the results to the speedy evolution of bacteria that are resistant to multiple antibiotics such that even vancomycin. The process of natural selection which is proposed by Charles Darwin play vital roles in Biological and medical process and also helps to predict and find the relationship between natural selection process of evolution and phenotypical traits. Understanding the developmental and genetic underpinnings of unique evolutionary changes have been hindered by way of insufficient databases of evolutionary anatomy and through the lack of a computational method to become aware of underlying candidate genes and regulators to the developing o the process of the evolution with helps of other branches of modern sciences such as genetics, Bioinformatics, epidemiology, ecology, microbiology, molecular biology and biochemistry.
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