斯里兰卡大葱(Allium cepa L.)灭湿病及曲霉木霉和绿木霉防治效果评价

L.N.R. Gunaratna, N. Deshappriya, D. Jayaratne, R. Rajapaksha
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引用次数: 5

摘要

葱被用作调味品,由于传染病导致的产量下降是一个主要的经济限制。本研究旨在分离和鉴定与斯里兰卡洋葱萎蔫病相关的真菌病原体。对同一洋葱田土壤中存在的木霉进行了分离,以期评价其作为防湿病原菌生物防治剂的可行性。病苗是在雅拉季节从马塔莱和阿努拉德普勒地区的55个洋葱田收集的。从同一洋葱田收集的土壤和使用Warcup方法分离的土壤真菌。根据科赫的假设,从病苗中分离出的镰刀菌属被证实是大葱萎蔫病的病原。利用Basic Local Alignment Search Tool对内部转录间隔区进行相似性匹配,鉴定病原菌为枯萎镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)。在双培养试验中,有两种木霉的产孢量和生长速率显著降低(p≤0.05),分别为曲霉(T. asperellum, Tr.3)和绿霉(T. virens, Tr.1)。利用ITS 1和ITS 4、fr1和ns1两对引物对7种木霉进行了鉴定,利用ITS 1和ITS 4对镰刀菌进行了鉴定,虽然这些引物检测到的多态性程度较低,但随机扩增的多态性DNA分析能够区分曲霉、绿霉和枯萎菌。两种木霉抑制茄枯菌的能力是通过形成环和线圈以及附着菌丝尖端来实现的。它们还具有产生几丁质酶和挥发性代谢物的能力,这些代谢物可以控制番茄枯萎菌的生长。
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Damping-off disease of big onion (Allium cepa L.) in Sri Lanka and evaluation of Trichoderma asperellum and Trichoderma virens for its control
Allium cepa is used as a condiment and reduction of yield due to infectious diseases is a major economical constraint. The present study was aimed at isolation and identification of fungal pathogens associated with damping-off disease of onion in Sri Lanka. Trichoderma spp. present in the soil of the same onion fields were isolated with a view to evaluating them as possible biocontrol agents of damping-off pathogen(s). The diseased seedlings were collected from fifty-five onion fields in Matale and Anuradhapura districts during the yala season. Soil collected from the same onion fields and soil fungi isolated using the Warcup method. Fusarium sp. isolated from diseased seedlings was confirmed to be the causative agent of damping-off disease of big onions by following Koch’s postulates. The pathogenic Fusarium sp. was identified as Fusarium solani based on the similarity matches of the Internal Transcribed Spacer region using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool. Two Trichoderma spp. showing significantly high (p ≤0.05) reduction of growth of F. solani in dual culture assay, higher sporulation capacity and growth rates were identified as T. asperellum (Tr.3) and T. virens (Tr.1). Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using two primer pairs i.e. ITS 1 and ITS 4, FR 1 and NS 1 were used to characterize the seven Trichoderma spp. while ITS 1 and ITS 4 were used to characterize Fusarium spp. Although a lesser degree of polymorphism was detected using these primers, the random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis had the ability to differentiate T. asperellum, T. virens and F. solani. The capability of two Trichoderma spp. to suppress F. solani is through formation of loops and coils and attachment of hyphal tips. They also had the ability to produce Chitinase and volatile metabolites that controlled the growth of F. solani.
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