澳大利亚维多利亚州长期抗灾能力的性别方面

Debra D. Parkinson, Alyssa Duncan, Jaspreet Kaur, F. Archer, C. Spencer
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引用次数: 2

摘要

2018年进行的一项研究记录了澳大利亚56名年龄在18岁至93岁之间的男女的灾难经历。本文提出了影响其复原力的性别因素,并在此过程中,开始解决与长期灾害复原力的性别方面相关的研究缺乏问题。它的独特之处在于捕捉了幸存者的声音,他们讲述了2009年黑色星期六大火9年后发生的事件,以及50多年前维多利亚州发生的火灾和洪水,包括1983年的圣灰星期三大火。几十年来,对男性和女性的性别期望严重阻碍了恢复力。男人们谈到了在最严重的灾难中“坚强”的要求给他们带来的长期成本,以及他们事后不愿寻求帮助的原因。妇女谈到她们的贡献价值较低,受到歧视。灾后对妇女和儿童的暴力行为以及对未来灾难的自杀想法的讨论提供了重要的见解。举报人所指出的保护因素并不完全是他们性格所固有的,而且也是有形的,例如在事后立即提供必要的资源,以及在长期内提供心理和社区支助。帮助恢复力的因素脱离了灾后应对的“男性化”模式,从拒绝承认创伤和痛苦,转向在广泛的情感、社会和心理支持下支持整个社区的恢复力。真正的社区计划在灾难发生之前建立信任,并为应急管理规划者提供见解。
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Gendered aspects of long-term disaster resilience in Victoria, Australia
Research conducted in 2018 documented the disaster experiences of 56 women and men in Australia aged between 18 and 93 years. This paper draws out the gendered factors that affected their resilience, and in so doing, begins to address the dearth of research related to gendered aspects of long-term disaster resilience. It is unique in capturing the voices of survivors who spoke of events 9 years after the 2009 Black Saturday fires and of earlier fires and floods in Victoria more than 50 years ago, including the 1983 Ash Wednesday fires. Over decades, gendered expectations of men and women significantly hindered resilience. Men spoke of the long-term cost to them of demands to ‘be strong’ in the worst of disasters and reasons they were reluctant to seek help afterwards. Women spoke of their contributions holding a lesser value and of discrimination. Discussions of violence against women and children after disaster, and suicide ideation in anticipation of future disasters offered critical insights. Protective factors identified by informants were not wholly intrinsic to their character but were also physical, such as essential resources provided in the immediate aftermath, and psychological and community support offered in the long-term. Factors that helped resilience departed from the ‘masculine’ model of coping post-disaster by moving away from a refusal to admit trauma and suffering, to community-wide resilience bolstered by widespread emotional, social and psychological support. Genuine community planning for disasters before they strike builds trust and offers insights for emergency management planners.
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