Pathophysiology & Management of Anemia in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review Nanda

Anemia is a common challenge among oncologists. Anemia has been directly implicated in the prognosis of cancer patients. Furthermore, correction of anemia-related symptoms can significantly improve the quality of life in these patients. We performed a systematic review of literature to improve our present knowledge on anemia in cancer patients. The data for review were identified by searching PubMed and Google Scholar and based on the recommendations from professional compendiums such as those by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network and European Society of Medical Oncology. The level of Hemoglobin is an established prognostic factor in many cancer patients. One of the reasons for this is that anemia will result in hypoxia and, subsequently, in tumor resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This review suggests that the ESAs (Erythropoietin Stimulating Agents) and intravenous iron should be used to maintain target hemoglobin level of 10 g/dl while the patient is receiving chemotherapy. However, long-term effect of intravenous iron treatment, ESAs use, and red blood cell transfusions should be further investigated.