加纳塔克瓦卡瓦河表层沉积物中的重金属负荷

S. Ndur, S. Y. Nyarko, I. Quaicoe, L. Osei
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引用次数: 2

摘要

人类活动造成的重金属沉积物污染正日益成为全球关注的问题,因为它对人类福祉和整个生态完整性构成了风险。本研究的目的是评估卡瓦河沿岸沉积物中的重金属负荷。采用瓦里安AA240FS原子吸收光谱仪(AAS)对10份沉积物样品进行酸消化,分析铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、锰(Mn)、锌(Zn)、镍(Ni)、铬(Cr)、钴(Co)和铁(Fe)的含量。澳大利亚和新西兰环境与保护委员会(ANZECC)的淡水沉积物质量指南被用作基准,与测量的金属浓度进行比较。采用Nemerow污染指数和潜在生态风险指数对河流重金属污染状况和生态风险水平进行评价。结果表明,除Cu在3个采样点(K01=171.29 mg/kg、K05=170.83 mg/kg、K07=113.31 mg/kg)均超过65 mg/kg的ANZECC触发值外,其余重金属浓度均低于相应的ANZECC触发值。重金属污染评价结果显示,3个样品(K01、K05和K07)受到轻度污染,可能对水生生物和人类健康构成威胁。计算生态风险指数(RI)在3.229 ~ 19.750之间(RI < 150),生态风险较低。因此,Cu、Ni、Cd、Pb、Cr和Zn对水生生态系统的生态风险较低。虽然根据目前的结果,生态风险很低,但由于河流沿岸人类活动的增加,以及沉积物积累和重新动员重金属进入水柱并可能通过食物链转移重金属的能力,建议对河流质量进行持续监测。关键词:重金属,泥沙,生态风险评价,污染,河流
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Heavy Metal Loading in Surface Sediments along the Kawere Stream, Tarkwa, Ghana
Sediment contamination by heavy metals resulting from anthropogenic activities is increasingly becoming a global concern due to the risk it poses to human well-being and ecological integrity at large. The purpose of this study was to assess the heavy metals loading in sediment along the Kawere stream. Ten sediment samples were collected, acid digested and analysed for copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co) and iron (Fe) using a Varian AA240FS Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC) guidelines for freshwater sediment quality was used as the benchmark against which the measured metal concentrations were compared. Nemerow’s pollution and potential ecological risk indices were used to evaluate the pollution status and ecological risk levels of the heavy metals in the stream. The results obtained indicated that, except Cu which exceeded the ANZECC trigger value of 65 mg/kg at three sampling sites (K01=171.29 mg/kg, K05=170.83 mg/kg and K07=113.31 mg/kg), all other measured heavy metals concentrations were below their corresponding ANZECC values. Heavy metal pollution assessment showed that three samples (K01, K05 and K07) were slightly polluted, suggesting the likelihood of posing a health threat to the aquatic organisms and humans. Calculated Ecological Risk Index (RI) ranged from 3.229 to 19.750 (RI < 150), representing a low ecological risk. As such, the metals, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Zn pose a low ecological risk to the aquatic ecosystem. Although the ecological risk is low based on the current results, constant monitoring of the stream quality is recommended due to the increasing human activities along the stream as well as the sediments ability to accumulate and remobilise heavy metals back into the water column and possibly transferring them through the food chain.   Keywords: Heavy Metals, Sediment, Ecological Risk Assessment, Pollution, Stream
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