墨西哥韦拉克鲁斯州Jalapa地区生态土地利用规划与承载力评价

Gerald G. Marten , Luis A. Sancholuz
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引用次数: 19

摘要

提出了一种将环境因素纳入土地利用规划的实用方法。Jalapa地区占地4750平方公里,拥有多种生态条件,被用来说明这种方法。收集的数据来自航空照片、对玉米田的调查和对农民关于其耕作方法的访谈。在设计了土地分类的气候地貌系统后,对33种土地类型进行了识别、描述和盘点;确定和描述了58种土地利用系统。这些描述的结构是为了预测每种土地类型的每种土地利用系统的收入、就业、成本、粮食生产、农业化学品投入和侵蚀。这些信息被用来为规划者设计一个多目标土地使用游戏。游戏的用户可以为他们的规划目标设定优先级,指定可用农业服务的数量,并查看这些对每种类型的可用土地在不同可能用途之间的最佳分配的影响,以及分配对目标的满足程度。通过改变目标优先级和不同的基础设施水平,游戏用户可以在规划目标和可能的投资途径或其他管理干预之间进行权衡。一项关于为Jalapa地区不断增长的人口生产越来越多的食物的环境成本的研究说明了游戏的有用性,并将Jalapa地区的实际土地分配与不同优先级下的最佳分配进行了比较。从这一观点审查该区域的承载能力,特别注意日益增长的城市消费习惯可能对土地造成的需求,以及适当指导的技术在增加承载能力而不造成环境破坏方面可以发挥的作用。
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Ecological land-use planning and carrying capacity evaluation in the Jalapa region (Veracruz, Mexico)

A practical approach for the inclusion of environmental factors in land-use planning is presented. The Jalapa region, an area of 4750 km2 which embraces a diversity of ecological conditions, is used to illustrate the approach. Data were gathered from aerial photographs, a survey of maize fields and interviews of farmers concerning their cultivation practices.

After devising a climatic and geomorphological system of land classification, 33 land types were identified, described and inventoried; 58 land-use systems were identified and described. The descriptions were structured to predict the income, employment, costs, food production, agricultural chemical inputs and erosion that could be expected for each land-use system on each land type. This information was used to devise a multi-objective land-use game for planners. Users of the game may set priorities on their planning objectives, specify the amounts of agricultural services available, and see the effects these have on optimal allocation of the available land of each type among the different possible uses, as well as how well the objectives are satisfied by the allocation.

By shifting objective priorities and varying infrastructure levels, the game user may examine the trade-offs among planning goals and among possible avenues of investment or other management interventions. A study of the environmental cost of producing increasing amounts of food for a growing population in the Jalapa region illustrates the game's usefulness, and actual land allocations in the Jalapa region are compared with optimal allocations under different priorities. The carrying capacity of the region is examined from this point of view, giving particular attention to the demands that increasingly urban habits of consumption may place on the land and to the role properly directed technology can play in increasing carrying capacity without causing environmental damage.

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