轻度智力迟钝青少年医学-社会康复效果评价

IF 0.1 Q4 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Zaporozhye Medical Journal Pub Date : 2022-10-22 DOI:10.14739/2310-1210.2022.5.256779
V. Chuhunov, V. L. Pidlubnyi, S. Chabaniuk
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引用次数: 0

摘要

青少年智力发育迟滞的治疗和康复问题,使用综合康复方法改进新旧疗法,使轻度智力发育迟滞青少年的社会活动增加,提高他们的生活质量,仍然是相关的,需要进一步研究。这项工作的目的是全面研究轻度智力迟钝青少年的临床和现象学结构、共病病理、社会卫生因素和评估生活限制及其质量的标准,并为现代条件下的康复措施提出建议。材料和方法。在Kryvyi Rih精神神经病学诊所,在一名青少年精神病医生的诊所观察下,对2003-2008年出生的154名患者进行了检查。该研究包括两个阶段:第一个阶段是对轻度智力迟钝患者进行首次精神护理,第二个阶段是对18-23岁的患者进行随访。采用临床与流行病学、临床与精神病理学、精神诊断与统计学方法进行研究。这项研究的主要工具是“临床和流行病学研究地图”,其中包括社会人口统计和记忆信息,临床部分描述了现有的症状和综合征。康复措施的结果是,病例和共病病理的严重程度有所减少,认知功能(注意力、记忆、语言和写作技能、阅读、算术)、运动性、空间定向得到改善。36.4%的患者静动力功能适应能力得到改善,22.7%的患者自理能力得到改善。在研究完成时,73.38%的受访者可以被认为是社会适应的。在轻度智力发育迟滞并伴有精神及其他病理的青少年中,除积极动态外,还有消极动态(19.04%)或无动态(14.29%),这类患者需要更长的时间和更多的康复措施。针对智力迟钝青少年的生物-心理-社会护理模式,包括医学-生物学、心理-教学和社会方面,有助于提高旨在减轻潜在疾病严重程度和改善社会适应的康复措施的有效性。
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Effectiveness assessment of the medical-social rehabilitation of adolescents with mild mental retardation
Issues of treatment and rehabilitation of adolescents with mental retardation, improvement of old and new therapies using an integrated approach to rehabilitation, which allows increasing social activity of adolescents with mild mental retardation and improving their quality of life, are remaining relevant and needing further study. The aim of the work is a comprehensive study of clinical and phenomenological structure, comorbid pathology, socio-hygienic factors and criteria for assessing the limitations of life and its quality among adolescents with mild mental retardation, and to develop recommendations for rehabilitation measures in modern conditions. Materials and methods. At the Kryvyi Rih Psychoneurological Dispensary, 154 patients born in 2003–2008 who were under the dispensary observation of a teenage psychiatrist were examined. The study consisted of two stages: the first – at the initial visit for psychiatric care of patients with mild mental retardation, and the second – follow-up, at the age of 18–23 years. Clinical and epidemiological, clinical and psychopathological, psychodiagnostic and statistical methods were used in the study. The main tool of the study was the “Map for clinical and epidemiological studies”, which included socio-demographic and anamnestic information, the clinical part with a description of existing symptoms and syndromes. Results. As a result of rehabilitation measures, there was a decrease in cases and in the severity of comorbid pathology, improved cognitive functioning (attention, memory, language and writing skills, reading, arithmetic), motility, spatial orientation. Adaptive skills of statodynamic functions were improved in 36.4 % of cases, self-care ability – in 22.7 %. At the time of the study completion, 73.38 % of all respondents could be considered socially adapted. Among adolescents with mild mental retardation and comorbid mental and other pathologies, in addition to positive dynamics, there were negative dynamics (19.04 %) or no dynamics (14.29 %), emphasizing the need for longer time and larger number of rehabilitation measures among this category of patients. Conclusions. Biopsychosocial model of care for adolescents with mental retardation with the inclusion of medical-biological, psychological-pedagogical and social aspects helps to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures aimed at reducing the severity of the underlying disease and improving social adaptation.  
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Zaporozhye Medical Journal
Zaporozhye Medical Journal MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL-
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0.00%
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72
审稿时长
8 weeks
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