鸢尾素及其对代谢性疾病的作用

M. Khalil, Ahmad Khan, Mirza Fahad Baig, Munazza Perveen, Muhammad Atif, Usman Younas, S. Sharif
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摘要

鸢尾素,也被称为III型纤维连接蛋白,是一种由肌肉细胞分泌的激素,于2012年首次在老鼠的肌肉中发现。鸢尾素分子量为23,231 KDa,属于结构域5 (FNDC5)家族。它已经被证明对人类有一些非常有益的影响,比如体温调节和减肥,当人们锻炼或锻炼时,它也会由肌肉分泌。鸢尾素的基因符号为FNDC5,代表鸢尾素的前体。在蛋白质水平上,FNDC5和鸢尾素具有相似的特性,但在某些情况下,FNDC5是不合适的。它在身体活动中释放,与多种代谢疾病有关,如肥胖、2型糖尿病、脂质代谢、心脏病、NAFLD、多囊卵巢综合征和骨骼代谢疾病。鸢尾素不仅对这些疾病负有责任,而且还具有作为特定疾病的生物标志物的潜力。人类和小鼠都表明,肌因子鸢尾素促进白色脂肪组织的褐化,同时增加产热和能量消耗。鸢尾素疗法在减轻体重的同时也增加了患者棕色脂肪特异性基因的表达。鸢尾素会增加患2型糖尿病和癌症的风险。研究发现,患有NAFLD的肥胖患者体内的鸢尾素水平较低。
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Irisin and its Effects on the Metabolic Diseases
Irisin, also known as Fibronectin type III, is a hormone that is secreted by muscle cells and was first discovered in the muscles of a mouse in 2012. Irisin has a molecular weight of 23,231 KDa and belongs to the domain containing 5 (FNDC5) family. It has been shown to have some very beneficial effects in humans, such as thermoregulation and weight loss, and it is also secreted by the muscles of humans when they exercise or work out. The gene symbol for irisin is FNDC5, which represents the precursor of irisin. At the protein level, both FNDC5 and irisin have characteristics that are similar, but FNDC5 is not appropriate in some situations. It is released during physical activity and is linked to a variety of metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, lipid metabolism, heart disease, NAFLD, PCOS, and metabolic diseases of the bones. Irisin is not only responsible for the disorders, but it also has the potential to be used as a biomarker for specific diseases. Humans and mice have both shown that myokine irisin promotes the browning of white adipose tissues while simultaneously increasing thermogenesis and energy expenditures. Irisin therapy reduces body weight while also increasing brown fat-specific gene expression in the patient. Irisin increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and cancer. Irisin levels were found to be lower in obese people who had NAFLD.
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