Helicobacter pylori interpretation in 2022

Helicobacter pylori, or formally known as Campylobacter pylori, is a Gram negative, micro-aerophilic, spiral microorganism that can colonise the healthy stomach lining. It is associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and gastric cancer.[1–3] At least 50% of the world population is still infected with H. pylori and about 1 million new gastric cancer cases are reported annually.[4] In 1994 and 2017, the WHO classified H. pylori as a Class I carcinogen[5,6] and listed it as one of the most important (priority high) pathogens for emerging antibiotic resistance alarm,[7,8] respectively.