牛锥虫病及其病媒:埃塞俄比亚西部Kellem Wollega的流行和控制行动

Dereje Tsegaye, G. Terefe, Deresse Delema, Abebayehu Tadesse
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引用次数: 1

摘要

进行了一项横断面研究,以估计牛锥虫病的患病率,并评估农民对该疾病及其控制行动的看法。2012年10月至4月,共抽取586头牛进行流行病学研究。进行黄皮法和红细胞压积测定。为了捕获参与传播动力学的苍蝇,放置了100个单锥体陷阱72小时。通过半结构化问卷调查,了解农民对病害的认识及防治措施。只有8.7%(51只)的动物被诊断为锥虫体感染。牛中锥虫感染的总体流行率在研究区之间差异显著(Dale Sadi为33.1%,Dale Wabera为66.9%)。以刚果锥虫感染最多(81.8%),其次为间日疟(15.6%)和混合感染(2.6%)。血液学值变化与锥虫感染有密切关系。样本牛的总体堆积细胞体积(PCV)值为25.8%。感染牛(20.8%)和未感染牛(26.5%)的PCV值差异显著(P< 0.05)。研究期间共捕获蝇类2055只,其中舌蝇属占92%,其次为舌蝇属和虻属。共鉴定出4种采采种类(苍鹭采采、morsitans采采、tachinoides采采和fuscipes采采)。问卷调查显示,锥虫病是研究地区农业活动和动物生产中最重要的问题。农民很清楚这个问题、传播途径和不同的控制方法。建议将采采蝇控制方案与其他锥虫病控制方案相结合。
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Bovine trypanosomosis and its vectors: prevalence and control operations in Kellem Wollega, Western Ethiopia
A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and to assess farmers’ perception of the  disease and its control operations. From October to April 2012, a total of 586 cattle were sampled for the prevalence study. Buffy coat procedure and haematocrit value determination were performed. To capture the fly that was involved in the transmission dynamics, one hundred monopyramidal traps were deployed for 72 hours. A semi-structured questionnaire was conducted to study farmers’  perceptions of the diseases and their control operations. Trypanosomal infections were diagnosed in only 8.7 % (51) of animals. The overall prevalence of trypanosome infection in cattle was significantly varied between study districts (33.1% Dale Sadi and 66.9% Dale Wabera). Most  infections were due to Trypanosoma congolense (81.8%) followed by T. vivax (15.6%) and mixed infections (2.6%). The association of hematological value changes and trypanosome infections was profound. The overall Packed Cell Volume (PCV) values of sampled cattle were 25.8%. A significant (P< 0.05) variation in PCV values was recorded in infected (20.8%) and non-infected (26.5%) cattle. In the study period, a total of 2055 flies were captured and of which 92% belong to the genus Glossina followed by Stomoxys and Tabanids. Four types of tsetse species (G. pallidpes, G. m. morsitans, G. tachinoides, and G. f. fuscipes) were identified. The questionnaire survey revealed that trypanosomosis is the most important problem for agricultural activity and animal production in the study areas. Farmers are well aware of the problem, means of transmission, and the different control methods. Integrating tsetse control program with other trypanosomosis control options is recommended.
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