加州内华达山脉山麓觅食生境及其对三色黑鸟繁殖分布和数量的影响

Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Western Birds Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI:10.21199/wb54.1.2
D. Airola, Tara L. Collins, C. McColl, Michael R. Lozano, B. Furnas, D. Krolick
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引用次数: 1

摘要

从Placer到Stanislaus县,加州中部山谷东部和内华达山脉山麓的草原占主导地位,从2014年到2018年,每年至少有43,000-55,000只繁殖的三色黑鸟(Agelaius tricolor),约占全州人口的30%。我们发现,在一个群落的5公里范围内,用于觅食的土地覆盖范围,草地-草本,以及较小程度的一年生作物和灌溉牧场,超过了整个地区的比例,这表明筑巢的三色黑鸟选择栖息地更丰富的群落地点。其他土地覆盖类型未被充分利用来进行觅食,这表明存在回避。三色黑鸟占据100 km2地块的概率与所选土地覆盖类型的范围密切相关。繁殖种群的平均密度与选择的土地覆被类型的程度之间的关系显著但较弱,表明其他因素在决定密度方面也很重要。从2014年到2018年,尽管该地区的繁殖种群总数没有下降,但通过减少附近觅食栖息地的范围,开发和采矿消除或退化了79个种群中的9个,并使其他4个不适合。我们建议在Placer和萨克拉门托县的联邦和州批准的栖息地保护计划中,对三色黑鸟的保护措施进行重新评估,这些地区在塞拉山脉中部山脚地区支持最大的繁殖种群,但城市发展迅速,根据最近的殖民地位置和认识到草地,一年生作物和灌溉牧场作为觅食栖息地的关键作用。
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Foraging Habitat and Its Effects on the Tricolored Blackbird’s Breeding Distribution and Abundance in the Sierra Nevada Foothills, California
The grassland-dominated eastern Central Valley and Sierra Nevada foothills of California, from Placer to Stanislaus counties, supported at least 43,000–55,000 breeding Tricolored Blackbirds (Agelaius tricolor) annually from 2014 to 2018—about 30% of the statewide population. We found that within 5 km of a colony, the extent of land cover used for foraging, grassland–herbaceous, and to a lesser extent annual crops and irrigated pasture, exceeded their proportions in this region as a whole, suggesting that nesting Tricolored Blackbirds select colony sites where these habitats are more abundant. Other land-cover types were underutilized for foraging, suggesting avoidance. The probability of Tricolored Blackbird occupancy of blocks of 100 km2 was strongly associated with the extent of the selected land-cover types. The relationship between average density of the breeding population and the extent of the selected land-cover types was significant but weaker, implying that other factors are important in determining density. From 2014 to 2018, development and mining eliminated or degraded 9 of 79 colony sites and made 4 others unsuitable by reducing the extent of nearby foraging habitat, although the total breeding population in the region did not decline. We recommend that conservation measures for the Tricolored Blackbird in federally and state-approved habitat-conservation plans in Placer and Sacramento counties, which support the largest breeding populations in the central Sierra foothills but where urban development is rapid, be reevaluated on the basis of recent colony locations and recognition of the critical role of grassland, annual crops, and irrigated pasture as foraging habitat.
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Western Birds
Western Birds Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Animal Science and Zoology
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