东欧克拉通(巴什科尔托斯坦共和国)南部Kashira矿床古土壤特征、古生态和地层意义

R. Mirnov, T. Alekseeva
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引用次数: 0

摘要

研究课题。在东欧地台东南部宾夕法尼亚系Kashira层序中发现的古土壤。的目标。研究古土壤的结构和组成。材料和方法。通过x射线分析、扫描电子显微镜、岩心和薄片的详细描述,对井芯材料进行了研究。发现了四种类型的古土壤,其中三种发育在白云岩基底上。白云石具有以下特征:微晶结构,晶体尺寸为5 ~ 10 μ m;晶体以自面体形式为主,高晶间孔隙度(高达38%),原位岩盐、石膏和硬石膏包裹体,海泡石长丝普遍存在。在以石灰石为基质的古土壤中,发现了含有Microcodium的-calcretes。化石根(根石)的研究揭示了它们的类型与基质组成之间的相关性。因此,在白云岩基底上发现了石化的根茎岩和充满沉积岩的根铸模以及发育的粘土切口,而在石灰岩基底上发现了根通道周围的方解石管。后者显示存在丰富的微钴地层。研究区古土壤的形态和组成特征,如原位盐岩和硫酸盐(硬石膏和石膏)、海泡石和钙石的存在,表明研究区在Kashira时代处于半干旱气候。
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Paleosols in the Kashira deposits in the south of the East European Craton (Republic of Bashkortostan): characteristics, paleoecological and stratigraphic significance
Research subject. Paleosols discovered in the Kashira sequence of the Pennsylvanian in the southeastern part of the East European platform. Aim. To study the structure and composition of the paleosols.Materials and methods. Core material from wells was studied by X-ray analysis, scanning electron microscopy and a detailed description of the core and thin sections.Results. Four types of paleosols were identified, three of which are developed on a dolomite substrate. The dolomites are characterized by the following features: microcrystalline structure with a crystal size of 5–10 microns; predominantly euhedral form of crystals, high intercrystalline porosity (up to 38%), inclusions of in situ halite, gypsum and anhydrite, ubiquitous filaments of sepiolite. In paleosols based on a limestone substrate, beta-calcretes with Microcodium were found. The study of fossil roots (rhizoliths) revealed the correlation between their types and substrate composition. Thus, petrified rhizoliths and root casts filled with sedimentary rock and developed clay cutans were found on a dolomite substrate, while calcite tubules around root channels were developed on a limestone substrate. The latter show the presence of abundant Microcodium formations.Conclusions. The revealed morphological and compositional features of the paleosols under study, such as the presence of in situ halite and sulfates (anhydrite and gypsum), sepiolite, and beta calcretes, point to the semiarid climate during the Kashira age on the area under study.
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