为什么要采用自然耕作技术并加强研究?

R. Dwivedi, R. Bajpai
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引用次数: 0

摘要

环境污染加剧,土壤肥力下降,地下水NO3、As、Pb、Cd等污染加剧,有毒化学物质使蔬菜、水果、食用谷物和牛奶的品质恶化,从而增加了健康危害,这是全球范围内的重大威胁。充满化学物质的农业是造成这些后果的关键原因之一,印度的“旁遮普癌症列车”每天从旁遮普的巴蒂达(Bhatinda)运送数百名癌症患者到比卡内尔(Rajasthan)接受治疗,这是众所周知的。来自印度古吉拉特邦、马哈拉施特拉邦、北方邦、喜马偕尔邦、中央邦、北阿坎德邦、梅加拉亚邦、恰蒂斯加尔邦、喀拉拉邦、卡纳塔克邦和安得拉邦等11个邦的农民,经过自然农业技术培训,获得了惊人的高产、优质无污染的作物收成和食用产品。该技术包括用Beejamrit和Ghanajeewamrit处理种子,以提高种子发芽,改善土壤健康和作物生长。喷洒Neemastra或Agniastra或Bramhastra是为了控制害虫和植物疾病而不污染环境。自然农业大致上是吠陀农业、宇宙农业和使用Agnihotra灰烬的Homa疗法的同义词。推广微生物、印度蚯蚓、印度品种奶牛和通过作物残茬或间作方法节约水资源是自然农业的关键。这项技术已被发现具有成本效益和无污染,也被称为“零预算农业”,因为所有投入都是天然的和国内生产的。本文对该技术的优缺点进行了讨论,以期在地方、州、国家和国际层面上作出明智的决定。在大规模实现目前作物生产力水平的过程中存在一些技术障碍的情况下,农业科学家面临的挑战是改进自然农业技术,保持健康友好的环境,收获更高的作物产量,并确保新兴人口的粮食安全。
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Why Natural Farming Technology be Adopted and Researches Intensified?
Rising environmental Pollution, decreasing soil fertility, augmenting ground water contamination with NO3, As, Pb, Cd, etc deterioratingvegetables, fruits, edible grains and milk quality due to poisonous chemicals and thereby increasing health hazards are great threatat global level. The chemical laden agriculture is one of the pivotal causes for such consequences and “Punjab cancer train” in Indiacarrying hundreds of cancer patients daily from Bhatinda (Punjab) to Bikaner (Rajasthan) for treatments, are well known. Natural farmingtechnology trained farmers from eleven states viz., Gujarat, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand,Meghalaya, Chhattisgarh, Kerala, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh of India are getting spectacular higher yield and good quality pollutantfree crop harvest and edible products. This technology is comprised of treating seeds with Beejamrit and Ghanajeewamrit to improveseed germination and improve soil health and crop growth. Spraying of Neemastra, or Agniastra or Bramhastra are done to controlinsect, pests and plant diseases without polluting environment. Natural farming is broadly synonym to Vedic Agriculture, cosmic farmingand Homa therapy using Agnihotra ash. Promotion of microorganism, Indian earthworms, Indian breed cows and water conservationthrough crop residues or intercropping practices are the key epithets of natural farming. This technology has been found to be costeffective and pollution free, also called as ‘Zero Budget Agriculture’ since all the inputs are natural and domestically produced. The prosand cons of this technology with a view to make a sensible decision for its adoption at local, state, national and international level arediscussed in this paper.In case of some technological impetigo in attaining present level of crop productivity on large scale, the challenges before agriculturescientists are to ameliorate natural farming technology and maintain health friendly environment, harvest higher crop yield and assurefood security to burgeoning population.
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