Comparative study of the histological structure of the mucous membrane in the norm, in cystic lesions of the paranasal sinuses and in chronic sinusitis

Chronic sinusitis is one of the most common pathologies in the structure of the incidence of ENT organs. The purpose — to study and compare the features of the histological structure of the sinus mucosa in normal and chronic pathological conditions. Material and methods. The study included 30 patients with maxillary sinus cyst and 30 patients with chronic maxillary sinusitis. Immunomorphological studies of the normal mucosa of the maxillary sinus, cyst membrane, hyperplastic mucosa of the maxillary sinus in chronic sinusitis were carried out. All samples were subjected to immunohistochemical staining with further comparison of the results obtained. Results. When comparing all samples, no statistically significant differences were found in the content of macrophages when comparing the normal mucosa and cyst membrane, as well as the content of T-lymphocytes and neutrophils when comparing the cyst membrane and mucosa in chronic sinusitis. All other parameters (the content of neutrophils, macrophages, T and B lymphocytes, mast and goblet cells, the area of non-cellular tissue structures) had significant differences when compared in all groups. Conclusions. Inflammatory changes are observed in the cyst shell, which have significant differences both from the normal mucous membrane and from the mucous membrane in chronic sinusitis.