S. I. Ojo, Z. K. Adeyemo, D. O. Akande, R. O. Omowaiye
{"title":"认知无线电系统中簇在节能协同白空间检测中的作用","authors":"S. I. Ojo, Z. K. Adeyemo, D. O. Akande, R. O. Omowaiye","doi":"10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.595","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"White Space Detection (WSD) is a core operation in a Cognitive Radio System (CRS) to identify idle spectrum for maximum utilization. However, WSD is often affected by multipath effects resulting in poor detection rate. Cooperative WSD (CWSD) which is one of the existing techniques used to address the problem is characterized by long sensing time, energy and bandwidth inefficiency. Energy-Efficient CWSD (EECWSD) was proposed in previous work to solve the problem associated with CWSD. Hence, in this paper, the effect of clusters in EECWSD is carried out with Radiometry Detector (RD). The investigation is carried out using multiple clusters and each cluster contained multiple Secondary Users (SUs). The SUs are used to perform local sensing and the sensing results are combined at individual cluster using majority fusion rule. The sensing results from individual cluster are combined to obtain global sensing result using OR fusion rule. The system is simulated using MATLAB software. The system is evaluated using Probability of Detection (PD), Total Error Probability (TEP), Spectral Efficiency (SE) and Sensing Time (ST). At SNR of 20 dB, PD values of 0.7890, 0.8376 and 0.8787 are obtained for clusters 3, 4 and 5, respectively, while the corresponding TEP values are 0.2210, 0.1724 and 0.1313 for clusters 3, 4 and 5, respectively. At SNR of 16 dB, 13.2594 and 16.4341 are the SE values obtained for clusters 3 and 5, respectively, while the corresponding ST values obtained are 4.2487 and 2.6177 s for clusters 3 and 5, respectively. The results obtained revealed that, PD and SE increase as number of cluster increases, while ST and TEP reduce as cluster increases. Keywords — Cognitive Radio, White Space, Spectrum Sensing, Probability of Detection, Spectral Efficiency.","PeriodicalId":15735,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"158 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Effect of Clusters in Energy-Efficient Cooperative White Space Detection in a Cognitive Radio System\",\"authors\":\"S. I. Ojo, Z. K. Adeyemo, D. O. Akande, R. O. Omowaiye\",\"doi\":\"10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.595\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"White Space Detection (WSD) is a core operation in a Cognitive Radio System (CRS) to identify idle spectrum for maximum utilization. However, WSD is often affected by multipath effects resulting in poor detection rate. Cooperative WSD (CWSD) which is one of the existing techniques used to address the problem is characterized by long sensing time, energy and bandwidth inefficiency. Energy-Efficient CWSD (EECWSD) was proposed in previous work to solve the problem associated with CWSD. Hence, in this paper, the effect of clusters in EECWSD is carried out with Radiometry Detector (RD). The investigation is carried out using multiple clusters and each cluster contained multiple Secondary Users (SUs). The SUs are used to perform local sensing and the sensing results are combined at individual cluster using majority fusion rule. The sensing results from individual cluster are combined to obtain global sensing result using OR fusion rule. The system is simulated using MATLAB software. The system is evaluated using Probability of Detection (PD), Total Error Probability (TEP), Spectral Efficiency (SE) and Sensing Time (ST). At SNR of 20 dB, PD values of 0.7890, 0.8376 and 0.8787 are obtained for clusters 3, 4 and 5, respectively, while the corresponding TEP values are 0.2210, 0.1724 and 0.1313 for clusters 3, 4 and 5, respectively. At SNR of 16 dB, 13.2594 and 16.4341 are the SE values obtained for clusters 3 and 5, respectively, while the corresponding ST values obtained are 4.2487 and 2.6177 s for clusters 3 and 5, respectively. The results obtained revealed that, PD and SE increase as number of cluster increases, while ST and TEP reduce as cluster increases. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
白空间探测(WSD)是认知无线电系统(CRS)的一项核心工作,用于识别空闲频谱以实现最大利用率。然而,污水处理经常受到多径效应的影响,导致检出率较低。协作WSD (Cooperative WSD, CWSD)是目前用于解决该问题的技术之一,其特点是传感时间长、能量低、带宽低。节能水务系统(EECWSD)是在过去的工作中提出的,以解决与水务系统有关的问题。因此,本文使用辐射测量检测器(RD)来研究簇在EECWSD中的影响。该调查使用多个集群进行,每个集群包含多个Secondary user (su)。利用单元进行局部感知,并利用多数融合规则将感知结果在单个聚类上进行组合。利用OR融合规则将单个聚类的感知结果进行组合,得到全局感知结果。利用MATLAB软件对系统进行了仿真。通过检测概率(PD)、总误差概率(TEP)、光谱效率(SE)和传感时间(ST)对系统进行评估。在信噪比为20 dB时,聚类3、4和5的PD值分别为0.7890、0.8376和0.8787,聚类3、4和5的TEP值分别为0.2210、0.1724和0.1313。在信噪比为16 dB时,簇3和簇5的SE值分别为13.2594和16.4341,而簇3和簇5的ST值分别为4.2487和2.6177 s。结果表明,PD和SE随着簇数的增加而增加,ST和TEP随着簇数的增加而减少。关键词:认知无线电,空白空间,频谱感知,检测概率,频谱效率。
Effect of Clusters in Energy-Efficient Cooperative White Space Detection in a Cognitive Radio System
White Space Detection (WSD) is a core operation in a Cognitive Radio System (CRS) to identify idle spectrum for maximum utilization. However, WSD is often affected by multipath effects resulting in poor detection rate. Cooperative WSD (CWSD) which is one of the existing techniques used to address the problem is characterized by long sensing time, energy and bandwidth inefficiency. Energy-Efficient CWSD (EECWSD) was proposed in previous work to solve the problem associated with CWSD. Hence, in this paper, the effect of clusters in EECWSD is carried out with Radiometry Detector (RD). The investigation is carried out using multiple clusters and each cluster contained multiple Secondary Users (SUs). The SUs are used to perform local sensing and the sensing results are combined at individual cluster using majority fusion rule. The sensing results from individual cluster are combined to obtain global sensing result using OR fusion rule. The system is simulated using MATLAB software. The system is evaluated using Probability of Detection (PD), Total Error Probability (TEP), Spectral Efficiency (SE) and Sensing Time (ST). At SNR of 20 dB, PD values of 0.7890, 0.8376 and 0.8787 are obtained for clusters 3, 4 and 5, respectively, while the corresponding TEP values are 0.2210, 0.1724 and 0.1313 for clusters 3, 4 and 5, respectively. At SNR of 16 dB, 13.2594 and 16.4341 are the SE values obtained for clusters 3 and 5, respectively, while the corresponding ST values obtained are 4.2487 and 2.6177 s for clusters 3 and 5, respectively. The results obtained revealed that, PD and SE increase as number of cluster increases, while ST and TEP reduce as cluster increases. Keywords — Cognitive Radio, White Space, Spectrum Sensing, Probability of Detection, Spectral Efficiency.