FORMATION OF SHEET SURFACE AREA BY WINTER BARLEY PLANTS DEPENDING ON FERTILIZER

The article assesses and reflects the main aspects and vision of optimizing the fertilization of winter barley through root and foliar nutrition. The relevance and importance of such technological solutions and the search for optimal options for maximizing the yield potential of modern varieties of winter barley are emphasized, given the importance of this crop for the formation of the agricultural production potential of Ukraine. The processes of mineral nutrition have a significant impact on the growth and development and productivity of winter barley. To achieve the highest possible yield of winter barley grain, scientifically based norms of mineral fertilizers should be applied, and foliar top dressing with micronutrient fertilizers should be carried out during the growing season. One of the factors for increasing the productivity of winter barley is the leaf surface area, which further supports the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus. The leaf surface area significantly depends on the application rates of mineral fertilizers and the period of their application. It was determined that the leaf surface area of winter barley crops varied depending on the varietal composition. It was the highest for the cultivation of the barley variety of foreign selection Paso in the heading phase - 60,05 thousand m2/ha, while the winter barley variety Atlant Mironovsky in this phase was less at the level of 57,06 thousand m2/ha. Cultivation of intensive varieties of winter barley varieties Atlant Mironovsky and Paso requires the introduction of diammophos at the rate of N10P26K26 for sowing, spring top dressing with ammonium nitrate N34, and during the period of emergence of cultivated plants in the tube, the application of urea at a dose of N46, and a micro rate of 4,0 l/ha . Thanks to the application of mineral fertilizers, it is possible to obtain a grain yield of the winter domestic variety Atlant Mironovsky at the level of 6,90 t/ha, respectively, the variety of foreign selection – 7,42 t/ha.