真空蒸馏法加工Sb-pb-ag合金

A. A. Korolev, G. Maltsev, K. Timofeev, V. G. Lobanov
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The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of temperature and pressure in the system, the duration of sublimation on the completeness of extraction and the degree of antimony, lead and silver separation from the SPA composition. Activity coefficients of binary alloy components when constructing VLE diagrams were calculated using the MI- VM (molecular interaction volume model). The information is obtained regarding the effect of temperature and vacuum level on the degree of sublimation and separation of metals from Sb—Pb and Pb—Ag compositions of different contents. Saturated vapor pressures were calculated for Sb (p* = 273.664+ 67436.9 Pa), Pb (0.149+485.9), Ag (5.05440 -5 -6.558) at T = 1073+1773 K. It was demonstrat­ed that the high values of the pSb /PPb = 1832.98+138.79, рр ь /pA g = 2948.16+74.09 ratio and lgPsb = 2.099+3.33 and lgPp b = 1.813+ +3.944 separation factor create theoretical prerequisites for a selective isolation of these metals by vacuum distillation, when anti­mony and lead are successively enriched in the gas phase (Ps^ > 1, Pp b > 1), and silver — in the liquid phase. The molar fraction of hard-to-sublimate lead/silver in the gaseous phase ур Ь /уA g = (1.55+982)T0 -3 /(36+772)T0 -3 is increased with rising temperature 894+1601/1399+2099 K, pressure 1.33+133 Pa and metal content in the alloy x Pb /x Ag = 0.9+0.9999/0.9+0.99. The MIVM model was used to calculate the activity factors of antimony Ysb = 0.832+0.999, lead yp b = 0.474+1.0, YA g = 0.331+0.999 for Sb/Pb and Pb/Ag al­loys with the following composition 0.1+0.9/0.9+0.1 in the investigated temperature range. 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摘要

本文的相关性取决于需要创造一种环境安全、高性能和成本效益高的综合真空蒸馏技术,用于处理含铅中间产品和废物,特别是从铜阳极泥熔化中回收硅酸盐渣,以获得可销售的锑、铅和银的单元素精矿,从而产生一种Sb-Pb-Ag (SPA)合金。通过计算«T - x»温度-成分VLE(汽液平衡)图对SPA合金的加工进行了实验室研究,分析了Sb-Pb和Pb-Ag二元合金在加工过程中的行为,选择了初步的系统温度和压力,并评估了在以下条件下的组分分离效率:T = = 900+2100 K, P = 1+133 Pa, et = 8+16 h。本研究的目的是研究系统中的温度和压力、升华时间对萃取的完整性以及锑、铅和银从SPA成分中分离的程度的影响。采用MI- VM(分子相互作用体积模型)计算了二元合金组分在构建VLE图时的活度系数。得到了温度和真空度对不同含量的锑铅和铅银组合物升华和金属分离程度的影响。在T = 1073+1773 K时,计算了Sb (p* = 273.664+ 67436.9 Pa)、Pb(0.149+485.9)、Ag(5.05440 -5 -6.558)的饱和蒸汽压。结果表明,当锑和铅在气相(Ps^ > 1, Pp b > 1)和液相中依次富集时,pSb /PPb = 1832.98+138.79, r /pA g = 2948.16+74.09, lgPsb = 2.099+3.33和lgppb = 1.813+ +3.944的高分离系数为真空蒸馏选择性分离这些金属创造了理论前提。随着温度(894+1601/1399+2099 K)、压力(1.33+133 Pa)和合金中金属含量(x Pb /x Ag = 0.9+0.9999/0.9+0.99)的升高,气相中难以升华的铅/银的摩尔分数ур Ь /уA g = (1.55+982)T0 -3 /(36+772)T0 -3增大。采用MIVM模型计算了0.1+0.9/0.9+0.1组成的Sb/Pb和Pb/Ag合金在研究温度范围内,锑Ysb = 0.832+0.999,铅yp b = 0.474+1.0, YA g = 0.331+0.999的活度因子。多金属合金升华产物的数量和成分与工艺参数的关系对实际应用具有重要意义,这是由于真空蒸馏加工SPA的主要技术的发展。
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SB-PB-AG ALLOY PROCESSING BY VACUUM DISTILLATION
The paper relevance is determined by the need to create an environmentally safe, high-performance and cost-efficient integrated vacuum distillation technology for the processing of lead-containing middling products and wastes, in particular, a Sb-Pb-Ag (SPA) alloy resulting from the recovery of silicate slag from copper anode slime melting to obtain sellable mono-element concentrates of an­timony, lead and silver. Laboratory studies were carried out on SPA alloy processing with the calculations of «T—x» temperature-com­position VLE (vapor liquid equilibrium) diagrams to analyze the behavior of Sb-Pb and Pb-Ag binary alloys during processing, select preliminary system temperature and pressure, and assess component separation efficiency in the following conditions: T = = 900+2100 K, P = 1+133 Pa, т = 8+16 hours. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of temperature and pressure in the system, the duration of sublimation on the completeness of extraction and the degree of antimony, lead and silver separation from the SPA composition. Activity coefficients of binary alloy components when constructing VLE diagrams were calculated using the MI- VM (molecular interaction volume model). The information is obtained regarding the effect of temperature and vacuum level on the degree of sublimation and separation of metals from Sb—Pb and Pb—Ag compositions of different contents. Saturated vapor pressures were calculated for Sb (p* = 273.664+ 67436.9 Pa), Pb (0.149+485.9), Ag (5.05440 -5 -6.558) at T = 1073+1773 K. It was demonstrat­ed that the high values of the pSb /PPb = 1832.98+138.79, рр ь /pA g = 2948.16+74.09 ratio and lgPsb = 2.099+3.33 and lgPp b = 1.813+ +3.944 separation factor create theoretical prerequisites for a selective isolation of these metals by vacuum distillation, when anti­mony and lead are successively enriched in the gas phase (Ps^ > 1, Pp b > 1), and silver — in the liquid phase. The molar fraction of hard-to-sublimate lead/silver in the gaseous phase ур Ь /уA g = (1.55+982)T0 -3 /(36+772)T0 -3 is increased with rising temperature 894+1601/1399+2099 K, pressure 1.33+133 Pa and metal content in the alloy x Pb /x Ag = 0.9+0.9999/0.9+0.99. The MIVM model was used to calculate the activity factors of antimony Ysb = 0.832+0.999, lead yp b = 0.474+1.0, YA g = 0.331+0.999 for Sb/Pb and Pb/Ag al­loys with the following composition 0.1+0.9/0.9+0.1 in the investigated temperature range. The found dependences of the amount and composition of polymetallic alloy sublimation products on the process parameters are important for practical application due to the development of a principal technology for SPA processing by vacuum distillation.
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