对共性的请求:残疾史、康复话语和个体

IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Asclepio-Revista de Historia de la Medicina y de la Ciencia Pub Date : 2016-12-07 DOI:10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2016.19
P. Verstraete, Frederik Herman
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引用次数: 2

摘要

自20世纪后期以来,残疾史已经走出了婴儿期。来自不同背景的学者越来越相信通过残疾的视角来看待过去的价值。许多研究都集中在残疾的建构本质上,因此故意试图解构健全和残疾个体之间的当代区别。通过在历史叙述的基础上积极地重新评价残疾人的特殊地位,人们试图对抗持续存在的歧视和压迫倾向。在这篇文章中,我们想提醒读者注意另一种方法,这种方法有时会冒着被淹没的危险,即寻求揭示共性的历史冒险:残疾人和非残疾人之间的区别暂时被遗忘和/或抹去的地方,自我与他人之间的界限正在被重新配置的时刻。为了做到这一点,我们将从残疾本身的历史中吸取一个有影响力的话语:康复话语。回到二十世纪早期,我们将展示法国科学家Jules Mardochee Amar和两名第一次世界大战的比利时残疾士兵的工作。阿马尔关于康复的想法对战争期间和战后的康复实践产生了影响。这两名比利时残疾士兵在比利时政府在法国北部建立的专业康复机构接受了再培训。通过将阿玛尔的话语与两名比利时士兵的经历并列,我们将证明,除了康复的话语个体之外,人们还可以发现个体被真实和有形的共性所吸收的时刻。因此,每个人——无论是健全的公民还是残废的士兵——都成为平等社会的一部分。
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A plea for commonality: disability history, discourses of rehabilitation, and the individual
Since the late twentieth century, disability history has grown out of its infancy. Scholars from a variety of backgrounds have increasingly become convinced of the value of looking at the past through the lens of disability. Many studies have focused on the constructed nature of disability and thus deliberately tried to deconstruct contemporary distinctions between able-bodied and disabled individuals. By positively revaluing the particular position of the individual with disabilities on the basis of historical narratives, an attempt was made to counter ongoing tendencies of discrimination and oppression. In this article, we would like to remind the reader of another approach which sometimes runs the danger of being snowed under, namely a historical venture that seeks to uncover commonalities: places where the distinctions between persons with and without disabilities are temporarily forgotten and/ or erased, moments when the boundaries between the self and the other are being reconfigured. In order to do so, we will draw on an influential discourse from the history of disability itself: the discourse of rehabilitation. Going back to the early twentieth century, we will present the work of French scientist Jules Mardochee Amar and two Belgian disabled soldiers from the First World War. Amar’s ideas on rehabilitation would prove influential for the actual practices of rehabilitation during and after the war. The two Belgian disabled soldiers were retrained in a professional institute for rehabilitation established by the Belgian government in the north of France. By juxtaposing Amar’s discourse with the experiences of the two Belgian soldiers, we will demonstrate how, besides the discursive individual of rehabilitation, one also can find moments when that individual is absorbed by a real and tangible commonality. As a consequence, everybody —whether able-bodied citizen or mutilated soldier— becomes part of a community of equals.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.50
自引率
50.00%
发文量
14
审稿时长
53 weeks
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