解决高枯竭气藏钻井挑战的综合方法

Zhong-jian Zhang, Yan Wu, Lei Luo, Xueqin Wang, Yonghong Fan, Gang Yi, Chong Chen, Fashou Zhao, Zhang Xiaoping, Wei Liu, Hongwei Dong
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在世界上许多成熟油田,充填井开发面临着多重挑战;现有井造成的储层枯竭是不可避免的,剩余的填充目标区域通常相对边缘,与初始阶段开发的甜点区域相比,较薄的地层仍然具有显著的地下不确定性。此外,一些油田受PSC条件的影响,有严格的时间限制。在开发填充井时,必须考虑几个关键方面:从潜在的严重泥浆漏失、钻井阶段钻杆卡钻、地层损坏、邻近井的生产干扰、气井的早期负荷等。壳牌中国在考虑了上述挑战后,制定了一套综合方案,并在长北致密气井项目中成功实施。在设计阶段,进行了一系列岩心实验室测试,以评估地层损害和相关的渗透率降低。室内试验结果表明,水侵入湿水岩层导致渗透率降低显著(+90%),形成“锁水”效应。与长北油田设计阶段相关的另一个主题是根据油藏的预期枯竭状态对双侧井轨迹进行优化。此外,还讨论了水平井油管尺寸的优化,该优化基于KH、在线数据(与PSC端相关)和预期油藏压力(耗尽)的选择矩阵。在交付阶段,通过实验室测试确定的表面活性剂添加剂已被用于钻井泥浆和完井液中,以适当减轻水锁效应。实验室测试结果表明,渗透率至少可以提高10%。此外,对表面活性剂的浓度进行了优化,以最大限度地提高水处理的乳化效果和钻井阶段的起泡效果。本文还介绍了通过额外提氮和延长烧成时间来提高返排效率的方法。在油井、油藏和设施管理阶段(WRFM),进行了一项研究,研究了填充井与现有井的生产干扰,并在簇级上实现了采收率的最大化。
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An Integrated Approach to Tackling the Challenges of Drilling in a Highly Depleted Gas Reservoir
In many matured fields around the world, the infill well development faces multiple challenges; reservoir depletion caused by existing wells is unavoidable, the remaining area to be targeted by infill is typically relatively marginal, with thinner formations that still bear significant subsurface uncertainty compared with sweet spot area developed in the initial phase. In addition, some fields are impacted by PSC conditions, with a strict time constraint. When developing infill wells several key aspects have to be considered: starting from potential severe mud losses, drill pipe stuck during the drilling phase, to formation damage, production interference with neighboring wells, earlier load up for gas wells etc. Shell China developed an integrated approach by considering all these challenges, and successfully implemented it for the Changbei tight gas infill well project. During the Design Phase, a series of core lab tests were carried out to evaluate the formation damage and related permeability reduction. The lab test results indicated that the permeability reduction as result of water encroaching into water wet rock formation is significant (+90%), causing a "water locking" effect. Another topic pertaining to the Desing phase in the Changbei field is the optimisation of the dual lateral well trajectory based on the expected depletion state of the reservoir. Also discussed is the horizontal well tubing size optimization, which accounted for the selection matrix based on KH, online date (related to PSC end) and expected reservoir pressure (depleted). In the Delivery phase, the surfactant additive identified through the lab testing has been used into the drilling mud and completion fluid to appropriately mitigate the water locking effect. The lab test results demonstrated that a permeability improvement of at least 10% could be achieved. Furthermore, the surfactant concentration was optimized to maximise the emulsion effect for water treatment and the foaming effect during the drilling phase. This paper also covers the well flowback efficiency improvement achieved by additional nitrogen lifting and prolonged firing time. During the Well Reservoir and Facility Management phase (WRFM), a study of infill well production interference with existing wells was carried out and the recovery could be maximized at the cluster level.
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