COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE AND PHASE COMPOSITION OF HIGH-STRENGTH CERAMIC PRODUCTS

In the course of the conducted studies, the phase components of clinker bricks and porcelain stoneware are determined by X-ray phase analysis. Microstructures of the studied samples are studied using a scanning electron microscope. The analysis of the phase composition and microstructure of the shard allows determining the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the shapes and sizes of crystals, the X-ray amorphous phase, the structure of porosity, to establish the relationship between the structure and high physical and mechanical parameters. To obtain products with high strength, it is necessary to form a monolithic structure of a ceramic shard, represented by a framework of crystalline neoplasms connected by an X-ray amorphous phase. Quartz crystals 55-65%, mullite 9-12%, cristobalite 4 – 8%, leucite 4 – 7%, hematite 1 – 4%, etc. are fixed in samples of high–strength building ceramics. Due to the different production technologies of clinker bricks and porcelain stoneware, the crystallization of mullite of various types occurs: in clinker – needle-shaped habit, in porcelain stoneware – finely dispersed. It is found that the pores have a rounded closed shape of nano- and micrometer size from 1 to 15 microns. The high content of melts in the charge for porcelain stoneware ensures the formation of a large amount of amorphous phase and its homologation of crystalline neoplasms