尼日利亚奥贡州稻米生产和加工的性别分工

O. M. Akinnagbe, Oluwatoyin Oyekanmi Ayibiowu
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摘要

本研究评估了尼日利亚奥贡州水稻生产和加工的性别分工情况。对120名既是生产者又是加工者的稻农进行了多阶段抽样。使用结构化访谈时间表从受访者中获得原始数据。数据分析采用频率、百分比、图表、平均值和t检验统计量。研究结果表明,在水稻生产中;清理农田(90.0%)、除树桩/包装(98.3%)和耕作(98.3%)主要由男性完成,而女性更多地参与种植(52.5%)、除草(50.8%)、惊吓鸟类(69.%)、收获和包装(74.2%)等活动。在大米加工中;男性的主要活动是碾磨(95.8%)、去石(95.0%)和运输(91.6%),而女性更多地参与脱粒(84.2%)、晒干(80.9%)和簸扬(87.5%)。t检验结果显示,2012年男女平均水稻产量(kg)差异显著(t=3.930;P≤0.05),2013年(t=4.748;P≤0.05),2014年(t=3.570;P≤0.05)和2016年(t=3.096);P≤0.05),但男女平均产量之间无显著差异(t=0.308;P >0.05)。针对主要能源需求活动(如清理、碾磨)的稻米生产和加工的干预措施应针对男性,而低能源活动(如种植、收获、销售)的干预措施应针对女性,以提高高生产率和高质量的加工。关键词:性别分工,稻米生产,稻米加工
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Division of Labour in Rice Production and Processing across Gender in Ogun State, Nigeria
This study assessed division of labour in rice production and processing across gender in Ogun state, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was used in sampling 120 rice farmers who are both producers and processors. Primary data were obtained from the respondents with the use of structured interview schedule. Data were analysed using frequency, percentage, charts, mean and t-test statistic. The findings revealed that, in rice production; clearing of farm land (90.0%), de-stumping/packing (98.3%), and tilling of land (98.3%) were mainly carried out by men while women were more involved in activities such as planting (52.5%), weeding (50.8%), bird scaring (69.%), harvesting and packing (74.2%). In rice processing; men performed major activities in milling (95.8%), de-stoning (95.0%) and transportation (91.6%) while women were more involved in threshing (84.2%), sun drying (80.9%), and winnowing (87.5%). The result of t- test showed that, there was significant differences in the average quantity of rice (kg) produced by men and women in year 2012 (t=3.930; p≤0.05), 2013 (t=4.748; p≤0.05), 2014 (t=3.570; p≤0.05) and 2016 (t=3.096); p≤0.05) but there was no significant difference between the average rice produced by men and women (t=0.308; p>0.05) in year 2015. Interventions to address the rice production and processing in major energy require activities (like clearing, milling) should be tailored towards men while low energy activities (like planting, harvesting, marketing) interventions should be tailored towards women in order to enhance high productivity and quality processing. Keywords: gender division of labour, rice production, rice processing
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