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摘要

本研究采用同种果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)基因株模型,研究了参与表皮色素生物发生的黄色(y)、乌木(e)和黑色(b)基因突变对图像交配行为指标影响的独特性。这项研究的目的是找出给定突变对果蝇成虫交配行为的影响是否取决于它们实现的一般遗传背景。为了实现这一目标,利用连续饱和杂交构建同源菌株对,然后对标记表型进行选择,结果在纯合子条件下将每个突变等位基因引入到Canton-S或Oregon-R野生型群体的基因型中,而不是最初在这些群体中存在的相应野生型等位基因。对所得菌株进行了雌虫的交配接受度和雄虫的交配活性测定。每一项指标都被评估为某一特定性别的性成熟但未交配的个体在将它们与过量的异性个体放入测试室后的第一个小时内成功交配的比例。根据所获得的数据和他们的统计分析结果,证明了在野生型种群的遗传背景中引入突变会伴随着所研究的想象交配行为特征的改变。效果取决于引入的突变和受体的基因型。因此,yC-S品系的雄性交配活性比野生型Canton-S的雄性高。这些结果扩大了已知的黄色突变的影响。bC-S和eC-S菌株的雄虫活性低于野生型广- s。对雌性交配接受性影响最显著的是b突变(引入俄勒冈遗传背景后指标增加)和e突变(引入广东- s遗传背景后指标减少)。在给定实验方案条件下所研究的指标成正比变化(rS = 0,76;P < 0.05)。换句话说,如果该菌株的特征是雄性的交配活跃度高,那么通常也会观察到雌性的交配接受度高。
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Effects of body pigmentation mutations on Drosophila melanogaster mating behavior
The model of congenic strains of Drosophila melanogaster was used to investigate the peculiarities of the effect of mutations in yellow (y), ebony (e), and black (b) genes involved in biogenesis of cuticle pigments on imago mating behavior indicators. The aim of this study was to find out if the effect of the given mutations on Drosophila imago mating behavior depends on the general genetic background on which they are realized. To achieve this goal, pairs of congenic strains were constructed using successive saturation crosses followed by selection for the marker phenotype resulted in each of the mutant alleles introduced in homozygous condition into the genotype of either Canton-S or Oregon-R wild-type stock instead of the corresponding wild-type allele present in these stocks initially. Individuals of strains resulted were tested for mating receptivity of females and mating activity of males. Each of the indicators was evaluated as a proportion of sexually mature but virgin individuals of a particular sex copulated successfully within the first hour after placing them in a test chamber with an excess of individuals of the opposite sex. According to the data obtained and the results of their statistical analysis, it was proved that the introduction of a mutation into the genetic background of the wild-type stock is accompanied with a change in the studied characteristics of imago mating behavior. The effect depends on the mutation introduced and on the genotype of the recipient stock. Thus, males of the yC-S strain are characterized by increased mating activity comparatively to males of the wild-type Canton-S stock. These results expand the known effects of yellow mutation. Males of the bC-S and eC-S strains, on the contrary, are less active than the males of the wild-type Canton-S stock. The most pronounced effects on mating receptivity of females were fixed for b (an increase in the indicator when introduced into Oregon genetic background) and e (a decrease when introduced into Canton-S genetic background) mutations. The indicators studied under the conditions of the given experimental scheme change in direct proportion (rS = 0,76; p < 0,05). In other words, if the strain is characterized by high mating activity of males, as a rule, a high mating receptivity of females will be also observed.
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