Deciphering the Analysis of the Genetic Diversity of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) from Various Regions of Origin in Java, Indonesia

ABSTRACT: The genetic improvement of a plant to produce high-yielding varieties depends on genetic variability. It is widely known that the mangosteen plant (Garcinia mangostana L.) does not have genetic variability because it has an apomictic reproductive mechanism. Analysis of genetic diversity can be carried out by analysis of similarities and clusters between accessions of plants or with their close relatives of the Garcinia genus. This research was carried out to analyze the genetic diversity of 50 mangosteen accessions at mangosteen production centers in four provinces in Java, Indonesia (Banten, West Java, Central Java, and East Java provinces) using RAPD-based primers. RAPD-based amplification revealed a total of 30 amplicons, 28 as polymorphic and two as monomorphic, with an average percentage of polymorphism of 72.22%. The results of PCR-RAPD visualization produce bands measuring 300 bp - 1500 bp. The dendrogram shows the grouping of all types of G. mangostana L. in general. The primer used can amplify the samples properly. Genetic variation occurs with coefficient values ranging from 25% to 100%. This study also explains the pattern of the spread of G. mangostana L. in Java for the first time. These results can be used as a reference for conserving G. mangostana L. and future breeding.