Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of diabetes mellitus and its complications in the Voronezh region

Background: the high prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the Russian Federation is one of the most important medical and social problems of modern healthcare. In order to monitor clinical and epidemiological characteristics and assess the current state of diabetic care, the Federal Diabetes Register (FDR) was created. Aim: to analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of DM in the adult population of the Voronezh region. Patients and Methods: the prevalence, morbidity and mortality, sex and age characteristics, and the structure of DM complications in adult patients for the 2018–2022 period were analyzed according to the data of the FDR regional segment. Results and Discussion: 91,104 people were registered at the dispensary with DM as of 01.01.2023 in the Voronezh region, among which 4.7% of patients were with type 1 DM, 95% — with type 2 diabetes, and 0.3% of patients with other DM forms. The prevalence of type 1 DM in 2022 was 230,2 per 100 thousand population, type 2 DM — 4 608,15 per 100 thousand population. The prevalance trend of type 1 DM in 2018–2022 amounted to 8,7–6,9 per 100 thousand population, type 2 DM — 440.4–345.4 per 100 thousand population. Among patients with type 1 DM, men predominated (57.1%), while among patients with type 2 DM — women (69.2%). The peak prevalence of type 1 DM occurred at the age of 30–39 years, and type 2 DM — at 60–69 years. Commonly, DM was complicated by neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy (62,1%, 56,8% and 37,4% with type 1 DM and 30,5%, 26,2% and 13,2% with type 2 DM, respectively). The mean age of death of patients with type 1 and type 2 DM in 2022 was 55.4 and 74.0 years, respectively. The leading causes of fatal outcome were circulatory system diseases, old age and oncological diseases. In general, most of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of DM in the Voronezh region corresponded to the all-Russian values. Conclusion: the use of the FDR regional segment as a tool for clinical and epidemiological monitoring of DM allows to assess the state of diabetic care in the region and plan its further development. KEYWORDS: diabetes mellitus, epidemiology, Voronezh region, prevalence, incidence, mortality, complications, Federal Diabetes Register. FOR CITATION: Zhdanova E.A., Volynkina A.P., Kolimbet L.P., Petrova T.N., Khodarina Yu.V. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of diabetes mellitus and its complications in the Voronezh region. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2023;7(9) (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821- 2023-7-9-1.