Distribution System Modeling and Analysis

Introduction to Distribution Systems The Distribution System Distribution Substations Radial Feeders Distribution Feeder Map Distribution Feeder Electrical Characteristics Summary The Nature of Loads Definitions Individual Customer Load Distribution Transformer Loading Feeder Load Summary Approximate Method of Analysis Voltage Drop Line Impedance K Factors Uniformly Distributed Loads Lumping Loads in Geometric Configurations Summary References Series Impedance of Overhead and Underground Lines Series Impedance of Overhead Lines Series Impedance of Underground Lines Series Impedances of Parallel Lines Summary References Shunt Admittance of Overhead and Underground Lines General Voltage Drop Equation Overhead Lines Concentric Neutral Cable Underground Lines Tape-Shielded Cable Underground Lines Sequence Admittance The Shunt Admittance of Parallel Underground Lines Summary References Distribution System Line Models Exact Line Segment Model The Modified Line Model The Approximate Line Segment Model The General Matrices for Parallel Lines Summary References Voltage Regulation Standard Voltage Ratings Two-Winding Transformer Theory Two-Winding Autotransformer Step-Voltage Regulators Summary References Three-Phase Transformer Models Introduction Generalized Matrices The Delta-Grounded Wye Step-Down Connection The Ungrounded Wye-Delta Step-Down Connection The Grounded Wye--Grounded Wye Connection The Delta-Delta Connection Open Wye--Open Delta Thevenin Equivalent Circuit Summary Load Models Wye Connected Loads Delta Connected Loads Two-Phase and Single-Phase Loads Shunt Capacitors The Three-Phase Induction Machine Summary References Distribution Feeder Analysis Power-Flow Analysis Short-Circuit Studies Summary References Center-Tapped Transformers and Secondaries Center-Tapped Single-Phase Transformer Model Ungrounded Wye-Delta Transformer Bank Leading Open Wye--Open Delta Transformer Connection Lagging Open Wye--Open Delta Connection Four-Wire Secondary Putting It All Together Summary Reference Appendix A Appendix B Index