《二十一世纪的资本

J. Cheng
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引用次数: 84

摘要

《二十一世纪的资本》托马斯·皮凯蒂(Arthur Goldhammer译)。哈佛大学出版社:马萨诸塞州剑桥,577页,2014年。这本书给出了从1700年到2012年发达国家资本的历史记录(资本作为四大生产要素之一:土地、劳动力、资本和企业家精神)。它是《纽约时报》畅销书,获奖(英国学院奖;《金融时报》和麦肯锡商业年度图书奖,以及美国国家图书评论界奖),以及哈佛大学出版社有史以来最好的销售成绩。作者花了大量时间查阅欧洲和美国的政府记录和其他来源,为这本书收集数据,并声称他的数据库是迄今为止同类数据库中最完整的。历史上有两位作者进行了这类研究:(1)卡尔·马克思的《资本论》(1867)和西蒙·库兹涅茨(如《国民收入与资本形成》(1937)和《人口、资本与增长》(1973))在预测资本如何积累以及发达国家的人口如何分配收入和资本方面,两人都得出了截然相反的结论。对马克思来说,资本主义播下了自我毁灭的种子,因此资本的不平等(以及资本的回报)必然会增长到破坏性的程度。虽然库兹涅特的原始数据只涵盖了很短的一段时间,但他认为事情会很好,收入和资本不平等不会成为任何痛苦的来源。马克思的数据是道听途说的,而库兹涅特的数据则是对资本和收入积累驱动因素的短视看法。皮凯蒂说,马克思和库兹涅茨都没有适当的数量和类型的数据来正确地进行这种研究。这本书有四个部分。前三部分致力于阐述和讨论他的发现,而第四部分,题为“21世纪的资本监管”,则是规范性的。作者将资本分为四大类:农业用地、住房、其他国内资本(包括我们通常认为的资本,如工厂和机器)和净外国资本(从外国抽取的资本减去引进的资本)。一国资本的比较指标是用其资本/收入比率来衡量的:即其资本价值的国民收入年数。(例如,英国首都的价值约为51英镑?是2010年国民收入的两倍。)这本书主要关注法国、英国、德国、美国和加拿大这些发达国家,因为这些国家的数据丰富,尽管意大利、澳大利亚、瑞典(以及整个斯堪的纳维亚半岛)和日本也被研究过。研究的发展中国家包括印度、中国、南非、印度尼西亚、哥伦比亚和阿根廷。有几个发现,虽然次于作者的主要发现,但确实令人大开眼界:(1)在过去的312年里,1700年至1912年之间的通货膨胀几乎为零,19134年至1990年之间的通货膨胀明显,1990年至2012年之间的通货膨胀非常低(约2%);(2)从1770年到1900年左右,农业用地在国家总资本中所占的比例非常大,1950年后下降到非常小的比例;(3)从1700年到1865年,奴隶在美国(主要是在南部各州)是资本的很大一部分;5(4)美国和法国分别在1936年和1953年制定了国家最低工资法,而瑞典和德国从未制定过法律,尽管后者今天的劳动收入不平等程度较低;(5)发达国家的净外国资本在大约1930年(世界非殖民化之后)之后下降到微不足道的水平。这本书充满了有趣的材料,包括作者对房地产的一些煽动,很适合我。首先要记住的是,在四种生产要素(生产商品和服务的投入)的背景下,土地不包括对房地产的改善。…
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Capital in the Twenty-First Century
“Capital in the twenty-first century” by Thomas Piketty was initially published in French (as Le Capital au XXIe siècle) in August, 2013. The number of pages of this book is 696. The Belknap press of Harvard University press published the English version, translated by Arthur Goldhammer on 15th of April, 2014. Thomas Piketty, a well-known name in the field of Socio Political Economy, has addressed the issue of distribution of wealth in his monumental work “Capital in the twenty first century” using both qualitative and quantitative methods. He has focused on the evolution of wealth and income since the eighteenth century and readdressed some fundamental questions of economic sociology. Instead of relying on the hypothesis of others, which were more prejudiced without factual reality, he has used extensive database on the distribution of wealth covering more than twenty countries and over three centuries. He has aptly analyzed major theories of inequality of the past and has tried to overcome their limitation by establishing his work on the basis of above mentioned database. He has divided the book in four major divisions; Income and Capital, The dynamics of Capital/Income ratio, The structure of inequality and Regulating capital in the twentyfirst century.
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来源期刊
Journal of Comparative Asian Development
Journal of Comparative Asian Development Social Sciences-Political Science and International Relations
CiteScore
1.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
2
期刊介绍: The Journal of Comparative Asian Development (JCAD) aims to offer the most up-to-date research, analyses, and findings on the many aspects of social, economic, and political development in contemporary Asia conducted by scholars and experts from Asia and around the world.
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