CRIMINOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE IDENTITY OF THE INVADER IN THE CRIME OF HOSTAGE

This article examines the concept and content of the criminological characteristics of the criminal invader. The characteristic features of the criminal invader in the crime as hostage-taking, and forming a criminogenic and criminal personality, are considered. The structure of the criminal’s personality has been studied, which includes three groups: socio-demographic, socio-role (functional) and socio-psychological. The article also examines the types of persons who committed hostage-taking and puts forward the following types: politicized, criminal and unbalanced. The transitions from the criminal type of criminals to the politicized type and, conversely, from the politicized to the criminal type are explained by example. In addition, the experience of the FBI conducted by the staff of this bureau related to the division of criminals taking hostages into four specific categories is analyzed. Thus, the specialists of this bureau note that more than 50% of all cases of hostage-taking are committed by mentally ill people. This means that a large and solid part is made up of the mentally ill. For a comprehensive approach, along with determining the motives for hostage-taking and studying the psychological characteristics of criminals in preparation for the negotiation process, the types of situations associated with hostage-taking are considered in detail. A table is presented in the form of an appendix, which includes examples of responses of law enforcement officers to the questions of the hostage-taking questionnaire.