小黑麦改良:罗马尼亚西部地区的问题与前景

G. Butnaru, Darius Mathiu, P. Gustafson
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摘要

本文重点介绍了小黑麦作物在成为世界和罗马尼亚西部重要的经济谷物方面取得的进展。这项国际研究促进了Fundulea、Turda、Suceava和timiurioara大学研究中心的罗马尼亚小黑麦项目。示范田成果推广困难;这个传统的小麦种植国的农民必须改变他们的看法。特别值得一提的是,作为学生的专家们在大学里的小黑麦实验田里看到和工作过,从而说服了自己它的有效性。在罗马尼亚西部各县,小黑麦占农业面积的1.56%。它被种植在贫瘠的酸性土壤和农场的牲畜区。种植小黑麦的地区差别很大。在南部的阿拉德县、比霍尔县和蒂米茨县,地表占1.0% -1.5%。在卡拉伊-塞维林和北部各县,这一比例为2.5%至5.1% (surilaj)。在土壤前壤和土壤中(pH-4.5),分布在土壤中,砂壤(腐殖质低于2.2%)的产量为2.6 ~ 4.5 T/ha,超过了小麦,在某些地区甚至超过了玉米。在土壤较肥沃的平原(黑钙土),Robinson、Trimaso、Trismart和Tulus品种超过了9.0吨/公顷(2021年)。过去10年,小黑麦平均产量从2.5吨/公顷(2007年)增加到3.4吨/公顷以上,现在增加到4.6吨/公顷。大多数栽培品种起源于Fundulea (Dr. Gh。Ittu)。罗马尼亚西部的农民喜欢小黑麦,但他们也有一些不满,育种者努力纠正。
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TRITICALE IMPROVEMENT: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS IN THE WEST PART OF ROMANIA
The paper highlights the progress in triticale crop becoming an important economically cereal in the world and also in the West part of Romania. The international research stimulated the Romanian triticale program in research centers Fundulea, Turda, Suceava and Timişoara University. The extension of the results from the demonstration fields was difficult; the optics of the farmers from a traditionally wheat-growing country had to be changed. Particular merits have had the specialists who, as students, saw and worked in the triticale experimental fields at the university, thus convincing themselves of its validity. In the western counties of Romania triticale represents 1.56% of agriculture area. It is cultivated on poorly acid soils and in farms with livestock sections. The area cultivated with triticale varies greatly. In the southern counties of Arad, Bihor and Timiş the surface represents 1.0% -1.5%. In Caraş Severin and in the northern counties it is 2.5% to 5.1% (Sălaj). On preluvi- and luvi- soils (pH-4.5) distrycambosoils, arenosoils (humus less than 2.2 %) the yield was 2.6 T/ha up to 4.5 T/ha, exceeding wheat and in some areas even corn. In the plain with more fertile soils (chernozem) the Robinson, Trimaso, Trismart and Tulus varieties passed over 9.0 T/ha (2021). The triticale average production/country increased from 2.5 T/ha (2007) to over 3.4 T/ha in the past 10 years and now to 4.6 T/ha. Most of the cultivated varieties originated from the Fundulea (Dr. Gh. Ittu). Farmers in the western part of Romania appreciate triticales, but they also have certain grievances that breeders strive to correct.
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