Seroprevalence and changing trend of dengue in a tertiary care hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha: Four-year retrospective study

Dengue virus is a single stranded positive sense RNA virus belonging to the genus flavivirus family flaviviridae. Dengue fever is a seasonal and emerging acute mosquito borne arbo-viral illness affecting tropical and sub-tropical countries. This illness ranges from a mild asymptomatic form to severe dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) with or without dengue shock syndrome (DSS). This study was conducted to know the seroprevalence and changing trend of Dengue virus in a tertiary care hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Over a period of four years from August 2016 to December 2019, a total of 5147 blood samples from clinically suspected dengue patients were received in department of Microbiology laboratory. Serum was separated and subjected to enzyme immunoassay for detection of both Non Structural (NS1) antigen and IgM antibody.During this study period, a total of 5147 blood samples were processed from suspected dengue cases, out of which 1314(25%) samples were found to be positive by different serological markers like NS1 Antigen (Ag), IgM antibody(Ab), or both NS1 Ag & IgM Ab. The overall seroprevalence rate was found to be 25%. In this study period of four years, the year-wise seroprevalence rate was found to be 12% (153) in the year 2016 and was 26% (350) in the year 2017 and was 40% (522) in the year 2018, and was 22% (289) in the year 2019. It clearly shows that there is an increase in the dengue cases.