Exosomes and Cancer: The Bio Informational Reprogramming Therapy for Malignant Cells

Exosomes are vesicles that carry nanoparticles that play important roles in cell-to-cell communication. They are currently being tested for their potential as therapeutic agents for various degenerative diseases including cancer. This is due to the rationale that these nanoparticles can transfer informational biomolecules, and subsequentially cause metabolic and physiological changes. Also, these vesicles can be used as a drug delivery system and be very effective at reducing toxicity and increasing bioavailability of therapeutic molecules and drugs. Exosomes were first thought as a waste cell product. Current research, has demonstrated that these particles can serve as cancer biomarkers, modulate the immune system, cause re-differentiation in cancer cells, and apoptosis. This review emphasizes on particular capabilities of specific exosomes that can potentially be used for cancer therapy, especially as an informational reprogramming therapy for malignant cells.