Determining the factors associated with the pattern and severity of coronary artery involvement in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Introduction: Acute coronary artery syndrome is a term to describe a wide range of diseases associated with a sudden and severe decrease in blood flow to the heart. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the variables related to the severity and type of coronary artery involvement in patients with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Patients and Methods: This study is a retrospective analytical descriptive study. The statistical population of this study included patients who were admitted to the vascular ward of Shahid Mohammadi hospital in Bandar-Abbas during 2017-2020 with a diagnosis of the ACS and underwent coronary angiography. Results: In the study of the main vessel involvement, left anterior descending artery (LAD) with 38.15% and RCA with 23.97% were the most common vessels involved. The most involved vessels were LAD-right coronary artery (LAD-RCA) (8.61%), left circumflex artery (LCX) (7.95%), obtuse marginal artery (OM) (7.68%) and diagonal arteries (4.77%), respectively. The most common sites of involvement in Chen’s anterior descending vessel were the middle part of LAD (m.LAD), the proximal part of LAD (p.LAD), and then the distal part of LAD (d.LAD), respectively. Most of the places of conflict RCA, precisely similar to LAD, were the middle part of RCA (m.RCA), the proximal part of RCA (p.RCA) and the distal part of RCA (d.RCA). There was a statistically significant relationship between the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) according to age, gender, diabetes, blood pressure, family history and the number of vessels involved. There was no statistically significant relationship between the severity of coronary artery involvement, smoking and mean body mass index (BMI). Conclusion: As it is shown, our results were quite similar to other studies around the country. Hence, following the nationwide guidelines for treating CVD in this city seems rational and helpful.