抗小麦穗枯病和根腐病原料的特性及其在冬小麦育种中的应用

L. Murashko, T. Mukha, H. Kovalyshyna, Y. Dmytrenko
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Evaluating the lines created under the program of resistance against pathogens of ear blight of wheatgrass, it was found that the line Lutescens F.g.163/19 showed high resistance to the pathogen powdery mildew (lesion – 1.0%) and Septoria leaf blotch (lesion – 3.0%). Ear blight of wheatgrass did not exceed 5.0%. Resistance against two pathogens (ear blight of wheatgrass, powdery mildew) was distinguished by the line Erythrospermum F.g.166/19, and against Fusarium wilt and Septoria leaf blotch – Erythrospermum F.g.164/19. 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引用次数: 2

摘要

冬小麦病害严重影响籽粒产量和品质。它们每年造成粮食总产量损失20-30%,在附生期损失50%。限制冬小麦病害发展的有效措施是引进抗病品种。如果不使用稳定形式的基因库,在这个方向上成功地发展选择工作是不可能的。小麦遗传资源中有同时对几种病原菌具有抗性的基因型,因此作为群体抗性来源具有特殊价值。不断需要确定对病原体产生耐药性的新来源和供体,寻找这方面的工作是一个相关的研究领域,需要不断筛选基因库。V. M. Remeslo Myronivka小麦研究所一直致力于创造冬小麦育种材料的来源,以抵抗主要病原体,然后供育种者使用。根据小麦草穗枯病和根腐病抗性选育方案,选育出以下品系:Lutescens f.g 163/19、Erythrospermum f.g 164/19、Erythrospermum f.g 166/19、Erythrospermum c.h 177/19、Erythrospermum c.h 175/19,供研究所育种人员使用,并转入乌克兰国家植物遗传资源中心。根据生长期指标,红草系164/19的生长期为238 d,比标准品种红草短3 d。它属于早期形态的一类。红精子Fg164/19 ~ 50.6 g、红精子Fg166/19 ~ 49.3 g、红精子Fg163/19 ~ 46.5 g和红精子Ch177/19 ~ 47.3 g的千粒重较高。在产量方面,该标准超过了黄花163/19 - (38.8 g/m2)、红精177/19 - (39.6 g/m2)和红精175/19 - (26.7 g/m2)。红精系F. g. 166/19 ~ 16.5%和红精系C. h. 177/19 ~ 15.8%蛋白质含量较高。籽粒中麸质含量最高的品种为红精系F.g.166/19 - 41.2%。沉降效果最好的品系分别为:Lutescens F.g.163/19 ~ 70 ml、红精孢F.g.164/19 ~ 67 ml、红精孢F.g.166/19 ~ 71 ml。对小麦白叶枯病病原菌抗性评价结果表明,Lutescens F.g.163/19对白粉病(病损率为1.0%)和Septoria叶斑病(病损率为3.0%)具有较高的抗性。麦草穗疫病率不超过5.0%。对小麦穗枯病、白粉病的抗性以红孢F.g.166/19和对枯萎病、紫斑病的抗性以红孢F.g.164/19区分。抗根腐病方案选育的红精孢C.h.177/19和红精孢c.h.175 /19对根腐病的相对抗性分别为10.0%和10.5%,对白粉病的高抗性为2.0%。
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Characteristics of the source material, which resistant to ear blight of wheatgrass and root rots, for breeding of winter wheat
Diseases of winter wheat significantly reduce grain yield and quality. Losses of gross grain yield because of them annually make 20-30%, and in epiphytotic years – 50%. An effective measure to limit the development of winter wheat diseases is the introduction of resistant varieties. Successful development of selection work in this direction is impossible without the use of a gene pool of stable forms. Among the genetic resources of wheat are genotypes that are resistant to several pathogens simultaneously, and therefore have special value as sources of group resistance. There is a constant need to identify new sources and donors of resistance to pathogens, the search for which is a relevant area of research and requires constant screening of the gene pool. The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat is constantly working to create a source of breeding material for winter wheat, resistant to major pathogens, which are then used by breeders. According to the selection program for resistance to ear blight of wheatgrass and root rot, the following lines have been created: Lutescens F. g. 163/19, Erythrospermum F. g. 164/19 Erythrospermum F. g. 166/19, Erythrospermum C. h. 177/19, Erythrospermum C. h. 175/19, which are used by breeders of the institute and transferred to the National center for plant genetic resources of Ukraine. According to the indicator of the vegetation period duration, the line Erythrospermum F. g. 164/19 in which the growing season was 238 days, which is 3 days less than the standard variety Podolyanka. It belongs to the group of early forms. High weights of 1000 grains were observed in the lines Erythrospermum Fg164/19 – 50.6 g, Erythrospermum Fg166/19 – 49.3 g, Erythrospermum Fg163/19 – 46.5 g and Erythrospermum Ch177/19 – 47.3 g. In terms of yield, the standard exceeded the Lutescens F. g. 163/19 – at 38.8 g/m2, Erythrospermum C. h. 177/19 – at 39.6 g/m2, Erythrospermum C. h. 175/19 – at 26.7 g/m2. High protein content was discerned at lines Erythrospermum F. g. 166/19 – 16.5% and Erythrospermum C. h. 177/19 – 15.8%. The highest level of gluten content in grain was recorded in the line Erythrospermum F.g.166/19 – 41.2%. The best in terms of sedimentation are the following lines: Lutescens F.g.163/19 – 70 ml, Erythrospermum F.g.164/19 – 67 ml, Erythrospermum F.g.166/19 – 71 ml. Evaluating the lines created under the program of resistance against pathogens of ear blight of wheatgrass, it was found that the line Lutescens F.g.163/19 showed high resistance to the pathogen powdery mildew (lesion – 1.0%) and Septoria leaf blotch (lesion – 3.0%). Ear blight of wheatgrass did not exceed 5.0%. Resistance against two pathogens (ear blight of wheatgrass, powdery mildew) was distinguished by the line Erythrospermum F.g.166/19, and against Fusarium wilt and Septoria leaf blotch – Erythrospermum F.g.164/19. Lines created under the program of resistance to root rot Erythrospermum C.h.177/19 and Erythrospermum C. h. 175/19, showed relative resistance to this pathogen – lesions of 10.0 and 10.5% and had high resistance to powdery mildew – lesions of 2.0%.
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