政治网络话语作为语言学研究的主题:定义与特征

Yurii Bilokobylskyi
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Using the categories proposed by T. van Dijk, the article proposes the use of new characteristic features for Internet discourse, such as speaker's anonymity, semi-formal tone of communication, more open and competitive expression of opinions, emotionality, etc. for the analysis of communication within the virtual space. The article proposes a clarification of the definition of political discourse, highlights its most important features, defines differences in communicative strategies depending on the gender of the speaker or political actor. With the help of the proposed categories and based on the works of such prominent scholars as R. Wodak, L. de Saussure and T. van Dijk, the article provides a new definition of the concept of political Internet discourse, which is aimed at a more complete consideration of the interaction between individuals within the virtual space. 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摘要

这篇文章致力于研究虚拟空间中的政治话语——这是近几十年来在信息技术的帮助下创造的一个“人工”世界,在这个世界里,个人可以远距离交流,随心所欲地塑造自己的个性。该研究特别旨在研究虚拟现实中的政治沟通如何变化,政治行为者在与选民以及彼此之间进行沟通时使用了哪些语言和语言外手段。本文利用T. van Dijk提出的分类,提出利用互联网话语的新特征,如说话者的匿名性、半正式的交流语气、更开放和竞争性的意见表达、情绪性等来分析虚拟空间内的交流。本文对政治话语的定义进行了澄清,强调了其最重要的特征,并根据说话者或政治行为者的性别定义了交际策略的差异。本文借助所提出的分类,并以R. Wodak、L. de Saussure和T. van Dijk等著名学者的著作为基础,对政治网络话语的概念进行了新的定义,旨在更全面地考虑虚拟空间中个体之间的互动。建议使用T. van Dijk提出的类别来分析虚拟空间内的交流,这将允许挑选出与政治领域直接相关的交流情况。通过对比“人工”世界与现实世界的交际情境,本文认为网络政治话语的一个特征是语篇交际中语言外成分的转移。澄清的是,在政治行为者和其他用户之间的许多交流情况中,后者充当信息接受者,仅受限于与其他接受者互动的能力。最后,建议将网络政治话语理解为一种语言和语言外的行为,与政治领域有关,由政治行为者和普通用户在虚拟空间中实施;动作,具有匿名主体性的可能性、半正式性、表达意见的开放性和竞争性等特点,其中语外成分的转移主要通过语篇交际来实现。基于本文的分类澄清,本文提出了进一步分析网络话语的策略。
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Political Internet discourse as a subject of linguistic research: definition and characteristics
The article is devoted to the study of political discourse within the virtual space – an "artificial" world created in recent decades with the help of information technologies, where individuals are able to communicate with each other over vast distances, modeling their own personality at will. The research, in particular, is aimed at studyinh how political communication changes in the virtual reality, what linguistic and extralinguistic means are used by political actors when communicating with their electorate and between each other. Using the categories proposed by T. van Dijk, the article proposes the use of new characteristic features for Internet discourse, such as speaker's anonymity, semi-formal tone of communication, more open and competitive expression of opinions, emotionality, etc. for the analysis of communication within the virtual space. The article proposes a clarification of the definition of political discourse, highlights its most important features, defines differences in communicative strategies depending on the gender of the speaker or political actor. With the help of the proposed categories and based on the works of such prominent scholars as R. Wodak, L. de Saussure and T. van Dijk, the article provides a new definition of the concept of political Internet discourse, which is aimed at a more complete consideration of the interaction between individuals within the virtual space. It is suggested to use the categories proposed by T. van Dijk for the analysis of communication within the virtual space, which will allow to single out communicative situations that are directly related to the political sphere. By comparing communicative situations in the "artificial" world with the physical one, it is argued that a characteristic feature of political Internet discourse is the transfer of extralinguistic components through textual communication. It is clarified that in many communicativesituations between political actors and other users, the latter act as the information recipients, limited only to the ability to interact with other recipients. In conclusion, it is suggested to understand political Internet discourse as actions of a linguistic and extralinguistic nature, related to the political sphere and implemented in the virtual space by political actors and ordinary users; actions, which are characterized by the possibility of anonymous subjectivity, semi-formality, a more open and competitive nature of expressing opinions, etc., and in which the transfer of extralinguistic components is achieved mainly through text communication. Based on the categorical clarifications made in the article, strategies for further Internet discourse analysis are developed.
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