埃德加·爱伦·坡小说《失去呼吸》中的“霍夫曼情结”

V. Koroleva
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文以互文性理论(Roland Barth, Julia Kristeva)为基础,探讨e.t.a. Hoffmann对爱伦坡小说《怪诞与Arabesques》(Tales of the怪诞与Arabesques, 1839)讽刺风格形成的影响。作者认为,霍夫曼在这一时期在欧洲流行的可识别的情节(《睡魔》、《布兰比拉公主》、《撒旦的长生不老药》等),以及他的作品中存在的问题与原著风格的关联,不仅可以成为讽刺的来源(《失去呼吸》的故事是对布莱克伍德的《爱丁堡杂志》作品的模仿,霍夫曼也在这一时期发表过该杂志),也可以成为坡早期作品的样本。本文的假设是关于在美国文学中应用的可能性的陈述,以坡的故事“失去呼吸”为例,先前开发的“霍夫曼情结”方法(以复制内容的完整性,问题,图像和风格技巧的统一性为特征),这使得在坡的作品中突出德国浪漫主义的传统,这些传统并不明显。在坡的《失去呼吸》(1832)中,以“霍夫曼情结”的形式体现了霍夫曼诗学的特点,包括以下几个组成部分。首先,是对浪漫情节(霍夫曼的《除夕夜冒险》)的改造,爱伦·坡对其进行了讽刺性的重新诠释,使其失去了内在的语境。他重新思考了两个世界的概念,通过将木偶元素与人类元素结合起来,通过人物的戏剧性行为,通过表演社会强加的角色(一具尸体,一个罪犯),通过用戏剧属性(假下巴,两个胡茬,一只假眼睛)代替家庭细节,将现实生活和戏剧叙事平面混合在一起。其次,它是生命和人的机械化问题的实现,这是在对有生命的-无生命的(“睡魔”,“布兰比拉公主”)的反对中实现的,目的是批评社会,贬低一个人,把他变成一个“活的”尸体,一个玩偶。相反,物体变得有生命,抽象的概念(呼吸)变得物质化。生活和人的机械化问题的另一个表现是把人比作动物,把动物比作人。三是运用了具有霍夫曼特色的风格手法(《金罐》、《朱砂小扎》、《布兰比拉公主》等);夸张、自明的名字、浪漫的反讽和怪诞,其特点是严肃与轻浮的急剧变化,客观与主观的结合,不断的模仿,以及使用反逻辑论——当可怕的事情(处决、尸体解剖)被描述为有趣时,违反逻辑规律的推理。
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"Hoffmann’s complex" in Edgar Allan Poe’s story "Loss of Breath"
In the article, based on the theory of intertextuality (Roland Barth, Julia Kristeva), the question of the influence of E. T. A. Hoffmann on the formation of the satirical style of Edgar Allan Poe in the cycle of stories Grotesques and Arabesques (Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque (1839)). The author argues that Hoffmann’s recognizable plots (“The Sandman”, “Princess Brambilla”, “Elixirs of Satan”, etc.), which were popular during this period in Europe, as well as the relevance of the problems of his works and the original style, could become a source of not only satire (the story “Loss of Breath” is written as a parody of works from Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, where Hoffmann was also published during this period), but also samples for the early works of Poe. The hypothesis of the article is the statement about the possibility of applying in American literature, on the example of Poe’s story “Loss of Breath”, the previously developed methodology of “Hoffmann’s complex” (characterized by the integrity of the reproduced content, the unity of issues, images and stylistic techniques), which allows highlighting the traditions of the German romantic in Poe’s works, where they are not obvious. The features of Hoffmann’s poetics are considered in Poe’s “Loss of Breath” (1832) in the form of “Hoffmann’s complex”, which includes the following components. Firstly, it is the transformation of the romantic plot (Hoffmann’s “Adventure on New Year’s Eve”), which Poe reinterprets ironically, depriving it of an infernal context. He rethinks the idea of a two-world and mixes the real-life and theatrical narrative planes by combining the puppet element with the human one, by characters’ behaving theatrically, by acting out the roles that are imposed by society (a corpse, a criminal), by replacing household details with theatrical attributes (a false jaw, two buslles, a false eye). Secondly, it is the actualization of the problem of mechanization of life and man, which is realized in the opposition of the living – the inanimate (“The Sandman”, “Princess Brambilla’) and is aimed at criticizing society, which devalues a person and turns him into a “living” corpse, a doll. In contrast, objects come to life, and abstract concepts (breath) become materialized. Another manifestation of the problem of mechanization of life and man is the comparison of a man with an animal, and an animal with a man. Thirdly, it is the use of stylistic techniques characteristic of Hoffmann (“The Golden Pot”, “Little Zaches Called Cinnabar”, “Princess Brambilla”, etc.): hyperbole, self-explanatory names, romantic irony and grotesque, which are characterized by a sharp change of the serious and the frivolous, a combination of the objective and the subjective, a continuous parody, as well as the use of alogism – reasoning that violates the laws of logic, when something terrible (execution, autopsy of the body) is described as funny, etc.
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期刊介绍: Tomsk State University Journal of Philology was established with the aim of: - publishing the papers and reviews on the topical issues of modern philology: linguistics, literary studies, communication studies; - promoting the development of theoretical and practical research in the field of socio-humanitarian knowledge; - forging links among scholars from different regions of Russia and other countries. Tomsk State University Journal of Philology is an independent research journal that welcomes submissions from across the world.
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