哺乳动物耳蜗传入神经的产后发育

E. Ivanov, N. Lazarov
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引用次数: 11

摘要

成年哺乳动物耳蜗接受双重传入神经支配:内毛细胞(IHCs)仅受I型螺旋神经节神经元(sgn)的支配,而外毛细胞(OHCs)则受II型螺旋神经节神经元的支配。我们已经描述了这种双重传入神经支配模式的重组和形态,因为它是在发育中的大鼠耳蜗中建立的。在耳蜗传入神经支配达到成熟配置之前,存在一种初始错配,即两种SGN群支配两种感觉毛细胞:在大鼠耳蜗出生后的第一周,I型SGN支配从OHC中消除,II型SGN支配从IHC中消除。这种重组发生在出生后的头两周,就在听力开始之前。我们的数据揭示了Corti器官传入神经支配发育的不同阶段:神经突细化,形成支配外毛细胞的外螺旋束;神经突缩回和突触剪枝可消除OHCs的I型SGN神经支配,同时保留其对ihc的供应。这种重组也使耳蜗成为研究中枢神经系统突触发育、可塑性和消除的模型系统。本文综述了近年来对耳蜗传入神经支配的研究进展。生物医学评论2012;23: 37-52。
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Postnatal development of the afferent innervation of the mammalian cochlea
The adult mammalian cochlea receives dual afferent innervation: the inner hair cells (IHCs) are innervated exclusively by type I spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), whereas the outer hair cells (OHCs) are innervated by type II SGNs. We have characterized the reorganization and morphology of this dual afferent innervation pattern as it is established in the developing rat cochlea. Before the cochlear afferent innervation reaches a mature configuration, there is an initial mismatch, where both populations of SGNs innervate both types of sensory hair cells: during the first postnatal week in the rat cochlea, type I SGN innervation is eliminated from the OHC and type II SGN innervation is eliminated from the IHC. This reorganization occurs during the first two postnatal weeks just before the onset of hearing. Our data reveal distinct phases in the development of the afferent innervation of the organ of Corti: neurite refinement, with a formation of the outer spiral bundles innervating outer hair cells; neurite retraction and synaptic pruning to eliminate type I SGN innervation of OHCs, while retaining their supply to IHCs. Such a reorganization also makes the cochlea a model system for studying CNS synapse development, plasticity and elimination. The present article summarizes the recent progress in our understanding of the afferent innervation of the cochlea. Biomedical Reviews 2012; 23: 37-52.
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