Estimation of Pulmonary Gas Exchange in the Human Respiratory System Under Normal and Abnormal Conditions

ABSTRACT: The human respiratory system is a collection of organs and tissues that regulate gas exchange in the body. There are millions of alveoli in the lungs surrounded by tiny blood capillaries. By breathing, the body inhales oxygen which moves from the alveoli to the blood capillary, and then exhales carbon dioxide in the air that diffuses across the pulmonary membrane of the blood capillary to the alveoli. We aim to develop a mathematical model of respiratory gas exchange that can handle various situations. A Model should be capable of finding the diffusion rate of oxygen that enters into the capillary from the lungs and dissolves into a different level of hemoglobin. It is also able to give the relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration with time. Numerical simulation helps us to predict the responses of the cardiorespiratory system during a heavy workout, usual activity, and inactive situations. It also considered the various factors that affect the gas exchange relation between partial pressure and saturation.