In-Situ Steam Generation Using Mist Water-Air Injection as Enhanced Oil Recovery and Energy Efficiency Process: Kinetic Modeling and Numerical Simulation Approach

In the current energy transition era, oil exploitation and especially the development of heavy oil reservoirs are facing big challenges to overcome the possible limitations in terms of economy (oil price), energy efficiency, and carbon footprint. Particularly, thermal enhanced oil recovery processes need to be re-evaluated in an attempt to harness the injected and produced energy. In that sense, Ecopetrol is evaluating new strategies to optimize the current steam injection process using different hybrid technologies from laboratory to field scale. One of the most attractive initiatives is evaluating the in-situ steam generation using mist water-air injection. This process involves simultaneous air and water injection into the formation through a set of nozzles. It looks to use part of the in-situ oil as a fuel, using the reservoir not only as a tank of energy but also as a steam generator. The main contribution of the technique concerning conventional steam generation is the use of the heat from the combustion of the residual oil to generate an in-situ steam front to transfer the uncontacted oil. This is reflected in reduced carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, reduced fuel and water requirements, and increased oil production and net energy recovery. This article describes the methodology, results, history matching, and kinetic modeling of experimental evaluations and the upscaling of the experimental observations to a representative sector model from a Colombian heavy oil field. Results are described in terms of incremental oil recovery, energy efficiency, and carbon intensity compared with the baseline (a traditional steamflooding scenario). The technology of in-situ steam generation using mist waterair injection led to benefits in terms of better energy use and reducing the external fuel dependency for steam generation at the surface. Additionally, it was possible to identify improvements in incremental oil recovery (around 90%), energy efficiency (about 10 times less energy required to produce 1 m3 of oil), and reduction in carbon intensity (up to 91%) considering as baseline a conventional steamflooding scenario. These results will be key input parameters for designing and commissioning future applications in the Colombian fields.