“我不快乐,但还活着”:代词“我”的形容词谓语。

E. Markasova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文叙述了俄语中“I +形容词谓语”结构的形成及其三百年来的存在。一个人对自我的看法体现在对形容词的选择上,形容词的构成也在不断更新。这篇文章结合了18世纪和19世纪关于个体社会独立性增长和“自我”价值增加的历时心理学数据,考虑了自我特征化的需要。最常用的形容词(不开心的、活着的、愚蠢的、善良的、善良的、年轻的、邪恶的、陌生的、年老的、贫穷的)是在20世纪初形成的,一直沿用至今。对结构框架内新成分出现的一般年表的观察表明,直到19世纪20年代中期,“I +形容词谓语”的结构是罕见的,形容词通常是一个带有谓语名词的定义,而不是一个独立的谓语。现在这个形容词开始用来描述一个人的特征,而不考虑一个人的活动类型或社会角色。自19世纪50年代以来,该建筑的总使用量一直在增长。形容词-谓语通常根据各种参数代表一个人的特征:道德自尊、性格特征、智力、健康状况或身体数据、自我感知特征。谓词中的正计算比负计算更少见。在20世纪上半叶,与社会政治形势相关的人格特征越来越多地出现在建构的结构中,并证明了对自我的感知退出哲学领域。20世纪下半叶的特点是积极利用前一时期形成的自特征的陈腐手段;重言式和重复的日益流行,通过指定所宣布的质量的表现形式或解释可能的因果关系,详细说明消极/积极特征,谓词的传播;形容词的使用越来越多,这些形容词表示少数人可以理解的特征或矛盾的特征,以及受到公众舆论谴责的品质。由政治和经济动荡引起的通常话语实践的变化导致个人对自我认同和自我呈现的需求增加,这反映在所描述的结构中。
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"I am unhappy, but alive": The adjectival predicate for the pronoun "I"
The article describes the formation of the construction “I + adjectival predicate” and its existence in the Russian language for three hundred years. A person’s ideas about one’s Self are manifested in the choice of adjectives, the composition of which is updated. The need to characterize oneself is considered in the article in connection with the data of diachronic psychology on the growth of the individual’s social independence and the increase in the value of the “I” in the 18th and 19th centuries. The “top” list of adjectives (unhappy, alive, stupid, good, kind, young, evil, alien, old, poor) was formed by the beginning of the 20th century and has survived to the present day. Observations on the general chronology of the appearance of new components within the framework of the construction allowed establishing that until the mid-1820s the construction “I + adjectival predicate” was rare, and the adjective was usually a definition with a predicate noun, but not an independent predicate. Now the adjective began to characterize a person regardless of one’s type of activity or social role. The total use of the construction has been growing since the 1850s. Adjectives- predicates usually represent a characteristic of a person according to various parameters: moral self-esteem, character traits, intelligence, health status or physical data, features of self-perception. A positive evaluation in the predicate is less common than a negative one. In the first half of the 20th century, personality characteristics related to the socio-political situation are increasingly appearing in the structure of the construction) and testifying to the exit of the perception of the Self into the philosophical sphere. The second half of the 20th century is characterized by the active exploitation of cliched means of autocharacteristics formed in the previous period; the growing popularity of tautologies and repetitions, the spread of the predicate by specifying the manifestations of the declared quality or explaining possible cause-and-effect relationships, detailing negative / positive characteristics; the growth of the use of adjectives denoting characteristics understandable to a narrow circle of people or ambivalent characteristics, as well as qualities condemned by public opinion. Changes in the usual discursive practices caused by political and economic upheavals lead to an increase in the individual’s need for self-identification and self-presentation, which is reflected in the described constructions.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
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自引率
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期刊介绍: Tomsk State University Journal of Philology was established with the aim of: - publishing the papers and reviews on the topical issues of modern philology: linguistics, literary studies, communication studies; - promoting the development of theoretical and practical research in the field of socio-humanitarian knowledge; - forging links among scholars from different regions of Russia and other countries. Tomsk State University Journal of Philology is an independent research journal that welcomes submissions from across the world.
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