The Recent Developmental Platforms and Potential Targets of SARS CoV-2 Vaccines: A Comprehensive Review

The novel coronavirus disease is a rapidly spreading infection caused by recently discovered different variants of SARS CoV-2 viruses, causing mild to severe respiratory symptoms in the majority of people. The Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has spread almost all the nooks and corners of the world. There are significant possible approaches pharmaceutically to fight against COVID-19. Original full-text research articles were searched online in PubMed, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, Core and Wiley Online Library. Scientists throughout the world are working on different platforms and targeting certain proteins moieties against SARS CoV-2 for the development of methods of safety, efficacy and potential vaccine candidates. Many candidates showed efficacy in In-vitro studies but relatively few clinical studies proceeded through different vaccine development platforms, such as entire virus vaccines, plant-based and nucleic acid vaccines, recombinant protein subunit vaccines. This review study provides a short description of SARS-CoV-2 characteristics and deals with recent developments in the design of attempts to produce vaccines to combat COVID-19.