Genetic structure of cattle of different breeds by antigenic blood factors

Aim. The study of the genetic polymorphism of erythrocyte antigens in Kalmyk, Kazakh white-headed, Hereford and Simmental cattle, to evaluate their genetic structure, and to compare the blood groups of Kalmyk cattle in the Republic of Kalmykia and the Astrakhan region. Materials and Methods. A comparative characterization of the genetic structure by blood groups of Kalmyk cattle of the Republic of Kalmykia with cattle of the Kazakh Whitehead, Hereford, Simmental and Kalmyk breeds of the Astrakhan region was carried out. Blood group testing was conducted according to standard methods (Neimann-Sorensen) using monospecific serum (Nei M. and Li W.H., 1979) produced by JSC "Samarskoye" for breeding work. Results. Immunogenetic testing of animals was performed according to standard methods (Neimann-Sorensen) using reagents – monospecific serum produced by JSC "Samarskoye" for breeding work. Analysis of immunogenetic testing of Kalmyk cattle in the Republic of Kalmykia established the highest frequency of B2 (69%), E'3 (82%), C1 (88%), W (67%), Z (71%) antigens and the lowest frequency of B' (15%), Q (10%), C2 (17%), F (19%). Blood group testing of Kazakh white-headed breed showed that A1, I', C1, W, L, F antigens had a high frequency index and were 63; 79; 73; 66; 91; 87%, respectively. The antigens B2 (20%), G3 (11%), Y2 (2%), F' (11%), C2 (5%), X2 (5%), U' (12%) had a low frequency rate. Antigens such as O2 and H'' were not found at all. The highest frequency of occurrence of the Hereford antigens was in G2 (69%), O3 (65%), O4 (58%), Y2 (67%), Q (61%), C2 (72%), X2 (59%), L (71%), V (68%), the lowest in B2 (15%), I1 (14%), I' (17%), R2 (13%). The highest frequency of the Simmental breed was observed for the A2 antigen at 66%, Y2 at 77%, C1 at 91%, F at 90%, and H' at 65%. The lowest frequency was observed for the B2 antigen – 5%, I1 – 12%, F' – 11%. Antigens A'2, I', W and U' did not occur at all. Blood group testing of Kalmyk breeds of Astrakhan cattle showed the highest frequency of antigens A2 – 100%, I1 – 70%, A'2 – 90%, O4 – 70%, E'3 – 92%, F' – 70%, R2 – 94%, L – 90%, F – 71% and Z – 100%. Antigens with minimal frequency are O2 (1%), I' (2%), C2 (11%), S1 (1%). Antigens such as O3 and Q were not observed at all. Conclusion. It has been established that the cattle of the Kalmyk breed bred in Kalmykia differs from the animals bred in another zone, providing further improvement of the breed. The genetic status of the breeding stock of the Kalmyk cattle of the Republic of Kalmykia and the Kazakh white-headed, Hereford, Simmental and Kalmyk of the Astrakhan region indicates genetic diversity, multidirectional selection and breeding work in the herds.