坦桑尼亚高杂交阿拉比卡咖啡品种对氮、磷、钾养分的响应

S. Mbwambo, G. Maro, E. Nkya
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引用次数: 0

摘要

研究了TaCRI选育的部分高型小比卡咖啡杂交品种在施氮、施磷、施钾条件下的生长和产量响应;因为,除了对CBD和CLR具有抗性外,它们也是高产品种(高达3吨公顷-1,而传统品种为1.5吨公顷-1),并且也被认为是高营养需求。以5个咖啡品种(N39-8、N39-9、N39-11、N39-12和KP 423老品种对照)为主施因子,以4个施肥量(75、112.5和150 g tree-1,以及37.5g + 10 kg FYM)为次施因子,分地块施用RCBD。每种税率每年适用三次,但FYM每两年适用一次。收集冠宽、茎周长、结果初生数、株高、浆果簇数和产量数据,采用Statistica V7软件进行方差分析,均数采用Fisher LSD法分离,α = 0.05。品种KP 423比试验品种冠层宽、果簇多(p<0.05)。N39-8在枝数、茎周长和树高方面表现优异。净咖啡产量为1894 kg ha-1,显著高于其他品种(p<0.05)。株高、茎长和产量对肥料选择的响应与112.5 g tree-1的转折点呈渐近关系。品种N39-8与37.5g tree-1 + FYM互作可显著提高产量(2436 Kg净咖啡ha-1)。初步得出的结论是,假定的对新品种的高营养需求是不可能的,至少在头四年。因此,37.5g树-1氮磷钾(20:10:10)每年施用三次+每棵树10公斤FYM,每两年施用一次;对于这个年龄以下的试验品种,如果每年施用三次,每棵树施用75克氮磷钾(20:10:10)就足够了。
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Response of Selected Tall Hybrid Coffea arabica Varieties to N, P and K Nutrients in Tanzania
The growth and yield response of some of TaCRI’s improved tall Coffea arabica hybrids to applied N, P and K were assessed in this work; since, in addition to resistance to CBD and CLR, they are also high yielding (up to 3 t ha-1 against 1.5 t ha-1 of the traditional varieties) and assumed also to be highly nutrient demanding. A split plot RCBD was applied with three replications, five coffee varieties (N39-8, N39-9, N39-11, N39-12 and KP 423 old variety check) as main factors and 4 fertilizer rates (75, 112.5 and 150 g tree-1, together with 37.5g + 10 kg of FYM) as sub factors. Each rate was applied three times per year except FYM which was applied once in two years. Data on canopy width, stem girth, number of bearing primaries, plant height, berry clusters and yields were collected and subjected to ANOVA using Statistica V7 software with means separated using Fisher LSD method at α = 0.05. Variety KP 423 showed a significantly (p<0.05) wider canopy and more berry clusters than the test varieties. N39-8 excelled in number of branches, stem girth and tree height. It also gave higher yield (1894 kg clean coffee ha-1) which was significantly different (p<0.05) from other varieties. Plant height, stem girth and yield response to the fertilizer options showed an asymptotic relationship with the turning point at 112.5 g tree-1. Interaction between Variety N39-8 and 37.5g tree-1 + FYM resulted into significantly higher yield (2436 Kg clean coffee ha-1). It is tentatively concluded that the assumed high nutrient demand for the new varieties is unlikely, at least in the first four years. As such, 37.5g tree-1 of NPK (20:10:10) applied three times per year + 10 kg of FYM per tree applied once in two years; or 75g of NPK (20:10:10) per tree if applied three times per year is enough for the test varieties under this age.
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