在尼日利亚伊巴丹,杏仁叶堆肥和耕作对辣椒土壤性质和产量的影响

A. Ogunsesin, Aiyelari Ea
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The influence of thirteen experimental treatments comprising of almond leaf-based composts [Almond leaves + Poultry manure (AP) at 9.7, 12.1, and 14.5 t/ha; Almond leaves + Cattle manure (AC) at 14.3, 17.9, and 21.5 t/ha; and Almond leaves + Swine manure (AS) at 13.0, 16.3, and 19.6 t/ha]; NPK 15-15-15 at 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3 t/ha; and a control (without fertilizer) on the growth and yield of C. Chinense were investigated in a Screen house. Each treatment was mixed with 5 kg soil and arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications. The performances of the best rates in each treatment: AP (14.5 t/ha), AC (14.3 t/ha), AS (13.0 t/ha), NPK (0.25 t/ha) and control from Screen house studies, under two tillage methods: Manual Clearing (MC) and Manual Ridging (MR) were investigated in the field. The ten treatment combinations (MC; AP/MC; AC/MC; AS/MC; NPK/MC; MR; AP/MR; AC/MR; AS/MR and NPK/MR) were laid as randomised complete block design with four replications. Data were collected on plant height (PH), number of leaves (NL), and number of branches (NB), stem girth (SG), root length (RL) and fruit yield (FY) of pepper. Soil samples were collected and analysed for changes in nutrient content, soil porosity (SP), bulk density (BD), soil temperature (ST) and pH. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at 0.05. In the Screen house, significant (p<0.05) differences were observed among the treatments for PH, NL, NB, SG and FY of pepper. The FY ranged from 44.5±1.7 (control) to 68.4±3.1 g/pot (AC, 14.3 t/ha). The highest FY of 68.4±3.1 g/pot of pepper recorded by AC (14.3 t/ha) was higher than those from NPK (0.25 t/ha) by 13.6%. In the field; PH, NL, NB, RL and SG of pepper were significantly (p<0.05) higher under MR than MC, respectively. The SP (54.4±1.6 and 46.4±1.8%), carbon (18.5±1.7 and 14.4±1.4 g/kg), nitrogen (4.3±0.4 and 3.3±0.4 g/kg), K (0.3±0.1 and 0.2±0.1cmol/kg),calcium (10.5±1.0 and 8.3±0.9 cmol/kg), CEC (15.9±1.3 and 13.4±1.2cmol/kg) and FY (6.6±0.6 and 3.6±0.3 t/ha) were significantly (p<0.05) higher under MR than MC, respectively. The BD and ST under MR were not significantly (p<0.05) different from MC. The FY under almond leafbased composts increased in the order: AS (5.0±0.7 t/ha) E‚ AP (5.3±0.7 t/ha) E‚ NPK (5.7±0.8 t/ha) E‚ AC (6.9±1.1 t/ha). Soil pH under compost-tillage (6.8±0.1) was higher than that of NPK-tillage (5.4±0.1) combinations. The SOC (25.5±2.7 g/kg), N (6.4±0.6 g/kg), K (0.5±0.2 cmol/kg), SP (59.5±0.9%) and FY (10.0±0.5 t/ha) under the combination of 14.3 t/ha AC/MR was significantly (p<0.05) higher than other treatments. Soil properties and yield of pepper were greatly improved under almond leaf-based compost and manual ridging. 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The FY ranged from 44.5±1.7 (control) to 68.4±3.1 g/pot (AC, 14.3 t/ha). The highest FY of 68.4±3.1 g/pot of pepper recorded by AC (14.3 t/ha) was higher than those from NPK (0.25 t/ha) by 13.6%. In the field; PH, NL, NB, RL and SG of pepper were significantly (p<0.05) higher under MR than MC, respectively. The SP (54.4±1.6 and 46.4±1.8%), carbon (18.5±1.7 and 14.4±1.4 g/kg), nitrogen (4.3±0.4 and 3.3±0.4 g/kg), K (0.3±0.1 and 0.2±0.1cmol/kg),calcium (10.5±1.0 and 8.3±0.9 cmol/kg), CEC (15.9±1.3 and 13.4±1.2cmol/kg) and FY (6.6±0.6 and 3.6±0.3 t/ha) were significantly (p<0.05) higher under MR than MC, respectively. The BD and ST under MR were not significantly (p<0.05) different from MC. The FY under almond leafbased composts increased in the order: AS (5.0±0.7 t/ha) E‚ AP (5.3±0.7 t/ha) E‚ NPK (5.7±0.8 t/ha) E‚ AC (6.9±1.1 t/ha). Soil pH under compost-tillage (6.8±0.1) was higher than that of NPK-tillage (5.4±0.1) combinations. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

辣椒的土壤性状和产量受土壤肥力和耕作等栽培措施的影响。虽然堆肥可以改善土壤结构,提高土壤肥力和作物产量,但关于耕作和堆肥对辣椒产量的联合效应的资料有限。为此,本研究于2010年和2011年对伊巴丹两种常用耕作制度下杏仁叶堆肥对华桑土壤性质和产量的影响进行了评价。9.7、12.1和14.5 t/ha杏仁叶+禽粪(AP)混合堆肥13个试验处理的影响;杏仁叶+牛粪(AC)分别为14.3、17.9和21.5吨/公顷;杏仁叶+猪粪(AS)(13.0、16.3和19.6 t/ha);0.2、0.25和0.3 t/ha的NPK 15-15-15;在筛网棚内研究了不施肥对中国香菇生长和产量的影响。每个处理与5 kg土壤混合,采用完全随机设计,每4个重复。通过田间试验,研究了在人工清耕(MC)和人工垄作(MR)两种耕作方式下,施用有机磷(14.5 t/ hm2)、有机磷(14.3 t/ hm2)、有机磷(13.0 t/ hm2)、氮磷钾(0.25 t/ hm2)和对照的最佳施肥效果。十种治疗组合(MC;美联社/ MC;AC / MC;/ MC;氮磷钾/ MC;先生;美联社/先生;AC /先生;AS/MR和NPK/MR均为随机完全区组设计,设4个重复。对辣椒的株高(PH)、叶片数(NL)、分枝数(NB)、茎周长(SG)、根长(RL)和果实产量(FY)进行了数据采集。收集土壤样品,分析土壤养分含量、土壤孔隙度(SP)、容重(BD)、土壤温度(ST)和ph的变化。数据分析采用描述性统计和方差分析,差异值为0.05。在筛选室内,辣椒的PH、NL、NB、SG和FY各处理间差异显著(p<0.05)。需氧量为44.5±1.7 g/盆(对照)~ 68.4±3.1 g/盆(对照,14.3 t/ha)。AC (14.3 t/ha)的最高产量为68.4±3.1 g/罐,比氮磷钾(0.25 t/ha)高出13.6%。在野外;MR处理下辣椒的PH、NL、NB、RL和SG分别显著(p<0.05)高于MC处理。MR处理下SP(54.4±1.6和46.4±1.8%)、碳(18.5±1.7和14.4±1.4 g/kg)、氮(4.3±0.4和3.3±0.4 g/kg)、K(0.3±0.1和0.2±0.1cmol/kg)、钙(10.5±1.0和8.3±0.9 cmol/kg)、CEC(15.9±1.3和13.4±1.2cmol/kg)和FY(6.6±0.6和3.6±0.3 t/ha)分别显著高于MC处理(p<0.05)。MR处理下的BD和ST与MC处理下无显著差异(p<0.05),而杏仁叶基堆肥处理下的FY依次增大:AS(5.0±0.7 t/ha)、AP(5.3±0.7 t/ha)、NPK(5.7±0.8 t/ha)、AC(6.9±1.1 t/ha)。堆肥-耕作组合土壤pH值(6.8±0.1)高于氮磷钾-耕作组合(5.4±0.1)。14.3 t/ha AC/MR组合下土壤有机碳(25.5±2.7 g/kg)、氮(6.4±0.6 g/kg)、钾(0.5±0.2 cmol/kg)、SP(59.5±0.9%)和FY(10.0±0.5 t/ha)显著高于其他处理(p<0.05)。以杏仁叶为基料和人工垄作能显著改善辣椒的土壤性状和产量。因此,建议在伊巴丹省采用杏仁叶+ 14.3 t/ha的牛粪堆肥和人工垄作组合来改善辣椒生产的土壤性质。
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Soil properties and yield of pepper (CapsicumchinenseJacq.) as influenced by Almond leaf-basedcompost and tillage in Ibadan, Nigeria
Soil properties and yield of pepper are affected by soil fertility and cultural practices such as tillage. Although, composts improve soil structure and enhance soil fertility and crop yield, limited information is available on the combined effect of tillage and compost on the yield of pepper. Therefore, a study was conducted in 2010 and 2011 to evaluate the effect of almond leaf-based composts on soil properties and yield of C. chinense under the two commonly practiced tillage systems in Ibadan. The influence of thirteen experimental treatments comprising of almond leaf-based composts [Almond leaves + Poultry manure (AP) at 9.7, 12.1, and 14.5 t/ha; Almond leaves + Cattle manure (AC) at 14.3, 17.9, and 21.5 t/ha; and Almond leaves + Swine manure (AS) at 13.0, 16.3, and 19.6 t/ha]; NPK 15-15-15 at 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3 t/ha; and a control (without fertilizer) on the growth and yield of C. Chinense were investigated in a Screen house. Each treatment was mixed with 5 kg soil and arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications. The performances of the best rates in each treatment: AP (14.5 t/ha), AC (14.3 t/ha), AS (13.0 t/ha), NPK (0.25 t/ha) and control from Screen house studies, under two tillage methods: Manual Clearing (MC) and Manual Ridging (MR) were investigated in the field. The ten treatment combinations (MC; AP/MC; AC/MC; AS/MC; NPK/MC; MR; AP/MR; AC/MR; AS/MR and NPK/MR) were laid as randomised complete block design with four replications. Data were collected on plant height (PH), number of leaves (NL), and number of branches (NB), stem girth (SG), root length (RL) and fruit yield (FY) of pepper. Soil samples were collected and analysed for changes in nutrient content, soil porosity (SP), bulk density (BD), soil temperature (ST) and pH. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at 0.05. In the Screen house, significant (p<0.05) differences were observed among the treatments for PH, NL, NB, SG and FY of pepper. The FY ranged from 44.5±1.7 (control) to 68.4±3.1 g/pot (AC, 14.3 t/ha). The highest FY of 68.4±3.1 g/pot of pepper recorded by AC (14.3 t/ha) was higher than those from NPK (0.25 t/ha) by 13.6%. In the field; PH, NL, NB, RL and SG of pepper were significantly (p<0.05) higher under MR than MC, respectively. The SP (54.4±1.6 and 46.4±1.8%), carbon (18.5±1.7 and 14.4±1.4 g/kg), nitrogen (4.3±0.4 and 3.3±0.4 g/kg), K (0.3±0.1 and 0.2±0.1cmol/kg),calcium (10.5±1.0 and 8.3±0.9 cmol/kg), CEC (15.9±1.3 and 13.4±1.2cmol/kg) and FY (6.6±0.6 and 3.6±0.3 t/ha) were significantly (p<0.05) higher under MR than MC, respectively. The BD and ST under MR were not significantly (p<0.05) different from MC. The FY under almond leafbased composts increased in the order: AS (5.0±0.7 t/ha) E‚ AP (5.3±0.7 t/ha) E‚ NPK (5.7±0.8 t/ha) E‚ AC (6.9±1.1 t/ha). Soil pH under compost-tillage (6.8±0.1) was higher than that of NPK-tillage (5.4±0.1) combinations. The SOC (25.5±2.7 g/kg), N (6.4±0.6 g/kg), K (0.5±0.2 cmol/kg), SP (59.5±0.9%) and FY (10.0±0.5 t/ha) under the combination of 14.3 t/ha AC/MR was significantly (p<0.05) higher than other treatments. Soil properties and yield of pepper were greatly improved under almond leaf-based compost and manual ridging. Thus, the combination of almond leavescattle manure compost at 14.3 t/ha and manual ridging is recommended for enhancing soil properties for pepper production in Ibadan.
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