Phytoestrogens and the menopause.

For most women, the menopause presents two sets of problems. First, most notice unpleasant symptoms such as hot flushes and vaginal dryness, but second, there are long-term sequelae arising from oestrogen deficiency. The main long-term problems are an increased risk of bone loss and cardiovascular disease. This chapter will focus on the role of phytoestrogens in alleviating menopausal symptoms. Studies to date would suggest that phytoestrogenic products may help around two-thirds of women to cope with menopausal symptoms such as hot flushes, but there is little evidence that these products will help with vaginal dryness. It seems probable that these products lower cholesterol and therefore cardiovascular risk; however, it is important that women who use such products to alleviate menopausal symptoms have a bone density performed every 2 or 3 years to assess their risk of osteoporosis.