巴基斯坦社会对新闻批评的不容忍程度

Fazli Hussain, Noreem Aleem, Samreen Faisal
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摘要

本研究检视巴基斯坦社会对新闻批评不容忍的存在、程度及影响。人们普遍认为,对新闻批评的不宽容导致了新闻作为无声者的声音和对当权者的问责的专业和心理情结,因为新闻作为看门狗的角色强制需要社会的高容忍能力来理解现实和习惯理性主义。由于记者必须面对大众对媒体批评的直接反应,因此本文采用李克特量表的调查技术,探讨记者对巴基斯坦社会框架中存在的不容忍现象的看法。该研究还纳入了不容忍对媒体专业精神的影响,这种影响导致对记者的威胁,迫使他们进行自我审查,最终导致内容偏见,剥夺了公民的基本表达权利。该结论为新闻自由和社会协调这一主题的政策制定提供了指导方针。此外,这项研究增进了对该国社会领域的理解,并衡量了对媒体言论的不容忍程度。
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THE PERCEIVED LEVELS OF INTOLERANCE FOR PRESS CRITICISM IN PAKISTANI SOCIETY
This study examines the existence, intensity and impacts of intolerance for Press criticism in Pakistani society. It’s generally believed that intolerance for Press criticism leads to professional and psychological complexes for the Press to play its role as a voice for unvoiced and to hold those in power accountable because the Press’s role as the Watchdog compulsively needs high capacities of tolerance in the society to understand the realities and habituate rationalism. As working journalists have to face the direct reaction from masses regarding Press criticism so this paper explores journalist’s perceptions about the presence of intolerance in the societal frame of Pakistan regarding Press’s criticism using survey technique under Likert Scale.  The study also incorporates the impacts of intolerance on professionalism in media that induce threats to journalists and compel them to exercise self-censorship which ultimately results in content biases, depriving the citizens of fundamental right of expression. The conclusion provides guidelines for policy making on the subject of Press freedom and social coherence. Also, this study enhances understandings regarding the social sphere of the country and gauges the level of intolerance for media discourses.
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